A Screen for Small Molecules to Target <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilms

• Main Authors: Matthew B. Lohse, Craig L. Ennis, Nairi Hartooni, Alexander D. Johnson, Clarissa J. Nobile
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-12-01
• Series: Journal of Fungi
• Subjects: high-throughput screens; biofilms; biofilm inhibition; biofilm disruption; <i>Candida albicans</i>; antimicrobial resistance
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/1/9

The human fungal pathogen <i>Candida albicans</i> can form biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces, which are inherently resistant to antifungal drugs. We screened the Chembridge Small Molecule Diversity library containing 30,000 “drug-like” small molecules and identified 45 compounds that inhibited biofilm formation. These 45 compounds were then tested for their abilities to disrupt mature biofilms and for combinatorial interactions with fluconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin, the three antifungal drugs most commonly prescribed to treat <i>Candida</i> infections. In the end, we identified one compound that moderately disrupted biofilm formation on its own and four compounds that moderately inhibited biofilm formation and/or moderately disrupted mature biofilms only in combination with either caspofungin or fluconazole. No combinatorial interactions were observed between the compounds and amphotericin B. As members of a diversity library, the identified compounds contain “drug-like” chemical backbones, thus even seemingly “weak hits” could represent promising chemical starting points for the development and the optimization of new classes of therapeutics designed to target <i>Candida</i> biofilms.