Global Variations in the Mineral Content of Bottled Still and Sparkling Water and a Description of the Possible Impact on Nephrological and Urological Diseases
Kidney stone disease (KSD) is a complex disease. Besides the high risk of recurrence, its association with systemic disorders contributes to the burden of disease. Sufficient water intake is crucial for prevention of KSD, however, the mineral content of water might influence stone formation, bone he...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/13/2807 |
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English |
| format |
Article |
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DOAJ |
| author |
Simone J. M. Stoots Guido M. Kamphuis Rob Geraghty Liffert Vogt Michaël M. E. L. Henderickx B. M. Zeeshan Hameed Sufyan Ibrahim Amelia Pietropaolo Enakshee Jamnadass Sahar M. Aljumaiah Saeed B. Hamri Eugenio Ventimiglia Olivier Traxer Vineet Gauhar Etienne X. Keller Vincent De Coninck Otas Durutovic Nariman K. Gadzhiev Laurian B. Dragos Tarik Emre Sener Nick Rukin Michele Talso Panagiotis Kallidonis Esteban Emiliani Ewa Bres-Niewada Kymora B. Scotland Naeem Bhojani Athanasios Vagionis Angela Piccirilli Bhaskar K. Somani |
| spellingShingle |
Simone J. M. Stoots Guido M. Kamphuis Rob Geraghty Liffert Vogt Michaël M. E. L. Henderickx B. M. Zeeshan Hameed Sufyan Ibrahim Amelia Pietropaolo Enakshee Jamnadass Sahar M. Aljumaiah Saeed B. Hamri Eugenio Ventimiglia Olivier Traxer Vineet Gauhar Etienne X. Keller Vincent De Coninck Otas Durutovic Nariman K. Gadzhiev Laurian B. Dragos Tarik Emre Sener Nick Rukin Michele Talso Panagiotis Kallidonis Esteban Emiliani Ewa Bres-Niewada Kymora B. Scotland Naeem Bhojani Athanasios Vagionis Angela Piccirilli Bhaskar K. Somani Global Variations in the Mineral Content of Bottled Still and Sparkling Water and a Description of the Possible Impact on Nephrological and Urological Diseases Journal of Clinical Medicine kidney stone disease mineral water mineral composition drinking water still water sparkling water |
| author_facet |
Simone J. M. Stoots Guido M. Kamphuis Rob Geraghty Liffert Vogt Michaël M. E. L. Henderickx B. M. Zeeshan Hameed Sufyan Ibrahim Amelia Pietropaolo Enakshee Jamnadass Sahar M. Aljumaiah Saeed B. Hamri Eugenio Ventimiglia Olivier Traxer Vineet Gauhar Etienne X. Keller Vincent De Coninck Otas Durutovic Nariman K. Gadzhiev Laurian B. Dragos Tarik Emre Sener Nick Rukin Michele Talso Panagiotis Kallidonis Esteban Emiliani Ewa Bres-Niewada Kymora B. Scotland Naeem Bhojani Athanasios Vagionis Angela Piccirilli Bhaskar K. Somani |
| author_sort |
Simone J. M. Stoots |
| title |
Global Variations in the Mineral Content of Bottled Still and Sparkling Water and a Description of the Possible Impact on Nephrological and Urological Diseases |
| title_short |
Global Variations in the Mineral Content of Bottled Still and Sparkling Water and a Description of the Possible Impact on Nephrological and Urological Diseases |
| title_full |
Global Variations in the Mineral Content of Bottled Still and Sparkling Water and a Description of the Possible Impact on Nephrological and Urological Diseases |
| title_fullStr |
Global Variations in the Mineral Content of Bottled Still and Sparkling Water and a Description of the Possible Impact on Nephrological and Urological Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Global Variations in the Mineral Content of Bottled Still and Sparkling Water and a Description of the Possible Impact on Nephrological and Urological Diseases |
| title_sort |
global variations in the mineral content of bottled still and sparkling water and a description of the possible impact on nephrological and urological diseases |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| series |
Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| issn |
2077-0383 |
| publishDate |
2021-06-01 |
| description |
Kidney stone disease (KSD) is a complex disease. Besides the high risk of recurrence, its association with systemic disorders contributes to the burden of disease. Sufficient water intake is crucial for prevention of KSD, however, the mineral content of water might influence stone formation, bone health and cardiovascular (CVD) risk. This study aims to analyse the variations in mineral content of bottled drinking water worldwide to evaluate the differences and describes the possible impact on nephrological and urological diseases. The information regarding mineral composition (mg/L) on calcium, bicarbonate, magnesium, sodium and sulphates was read from the ingredients label on water bottles by visiting the supermarket or consulting the online shop. The bottled waters in two main supermarkets in 21 countries were included. The evaluation shows that on a global level the mineral composition of bottled drinkable water varies enormously. Median bicarbonate levels varied by factors of 12.6 and 57.3 for still and sparkling water, respectively. Median calcium levels varied by factors of 18.7 and 7.4 for still and sparkling water, respectively. As the mineral content of bottled drinking water varies enormously worldwide and mineral intake through water might influence stone formation, bone health and CVD risk, urologists and nephrologists should counsel their patients on an individual level regarding water intake. |
| topic |
kidney stone disease mineral water mineral composition drinking water still water sparkling water |
| url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/13/2807 |
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doaj-d258fca1c08644a981dc4e551272f57c2021-07-15T15:39:06ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832021-06-01102807280710.3390/jcm10132807Global Variations in the Mineral Content of Bottled Still and Sparkling Water and a Description of the Possible Impact on Nephrological and Urological DiseasesSimone J. M. Stoots0Guido M. Kamphuis1Rob Geraghty2Liffert Vogt3Michaël M. E. L. Henderickx4B. M. Zeeshan Hameed5Sufyan Ibrahim6Amelia Pietropaolo7Enakshee Jamnadass8Sahar M. Aljumaiah9Saeed B. Hamri10Eugenio Ventimiglia11Olivier Traxer12Vineet Gauhar13Etienne X. Keller14Vincent De Coninck15Otas Durutovic16Nariman K. Gadzhiev17Laurian B. Dragos18Tarik Emre Sener19Nick Rukin20Michele Talso21Panagiotis Kallidonis22Esteban Emiliani23Ewa Bres-Niewada24Kymora B. Scotland25Naeem Bhojani26Athanasios Vagionis27Angela Piccirilli28Bhaskar K. Somani29Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle NE7 7DN, UKDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC, AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Urology, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, IndiaDepartment of Urology, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, IndiaDepartment of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UKDepartment of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UKDepartment of Urology, Ministry of the National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Urology, Ministry of the National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi ArabiaDivision of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, IRCCS Ospedale, Urological Research Institute, San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Urology, Sorbonne University, GRC #20 urolithiasis, 75006 Paris, FranceDepartment of Urology, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore 609606, SingaporeDepartment of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, SwitzerlandDepartment of Urology, AZ Klina, 2930 Brasschaat, BelgiumDepartment of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of Urology, Saint-Petersburg State University Hospital, 197022 Saint Petersburg, RussiaDepartment of Urology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDepartment of Urology, Marmara University Hospital, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34854, TurkeyDepartment of Urology, Redcliff Hospital, Brisbane QLD 4012, AustraliaDepartment of Urology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, 20157 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Urology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, GreeceDepartment of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Urology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADepartment of Urology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, CanadaDepartment of Urology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, GreeceDepartment of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UKKidney stone disease (KSD) is a complex disease. Besides the high risk of recurrence, its association with systemic disorders contributes to the burden of disease. Sufficient water intake is crucial for prevention of KSD, however, the mineral content of water might influence stone formation, bone health and cardiovascular (CVD) risk. This study aims to analyse the variations in mineral content of bottled drinking water worldwide to evaluate the differences and describes the possible impact on nephrological and urological diseases. The information regarding mineral composition (mg/L) on calcium, bicarbonate, magnesium, sodium and sulphates was read from the ingredients label on water bottles by visiting the supermarket or consulting the online shop. The bottled waters in two main supermarkets in 21 countries were included. The evaluation shows that on a global level the mineral composition of bottled drinkable water varies enormously. Median bicarbonate levels varied by factors of 12.6 and 57.3 for still and sparkling water, respectively. Median calcium levels varied by factors of 18.7 and 7.4 for still and sparkling water, respectively. As the mineral content of bottled drinking water varies enormously worldwide and mineral intake through water might influence stone formation, bone health and CVD risk, urologists and nephrologists should counsel their patients on an individual level regarding water intake.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/13/2807kidney stone diseasemineral watermineral compositiondrinking waterstill watersparkling water |