Vitamin D Modulates the Response of Bronchial Epithelial Cells Exposed to Cigarette Smoke Extract
In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the bronchial epithelium is the first immune barrier that is triggered by cigarette smoke. Although vitamin D (vitD) has proven anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects in alveolar macrophages, little is known about the direct role of vitD on cigar...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2019-09-01
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Series: | Nutrients |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/9/2138 |