Upgrading a District Heating System by Means of the Integration of Modular Heat Pumps, Geothermal Waters, and PVs for Resilient and Sustainable Urban Energy

Krakow has an extensive district heating network, which is approximately 900 km long. It is the second largest city in terms of the number of inhabitants in Poland, resulting in a high demand for energy—for both heating and cooling. The district heating of the city is based on coal. The paper presen...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Elżbieta Hałaj, Jarosław Kotyza, Marek Hajto, Grzegorz Pełka, Wojciech Luboń, Paweł Jastrzębski
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-04-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/9/2347