<i>Naja atra</i> Cardiotoxin 3 Elicits Autophagy and Apoptosis in U937 Human Leukemia Cells through the Ca<sup>2+</sup>/PP2A/AMPK Axis

<i>Naja atra</i> Cardiotoxin 3 Elicits Autophagy and Apoptosis in U937 Human Leukemia Cells through the Ca<sup>2+</sup>/PP2A/AMPK Axis

Cardiotoxins (CTXs) are suggested to exert their cytotoxicity through cell membrane damage. Other studies show that penetration of CTXs into cells elicits mitochondrial fragmentation or lysosome disruption, leading to cell death. Considering the role of AMPK-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in mitoch...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jing-Ting Chiou, Yi-Jun Shi, Liang-Jun Wang, Chia-Hui Huang, Yuan-Chin Lee, Long-Sen Chang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2019-09-01
Series:Toxins
Subjects:
cardiotoxin
Ca<sup>2+</sup>
PP2A
AMPK
autophagy
apoptosis
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/9/527

Internet

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/9/527

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