Combined effects of high salinity and ammonia-N exposure on the energy metabolism, immune response, oxidative resistance and ammonia metabolism of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
In this study, after 30 days of long-time exposure to high salinity (36‰ and 44‰), we explored the combined effects of high salinity and ammonia nitrogen (15 mg/L ammonia-N) stresses on the energy metabolism, immune response, oxidative resistance, and ammonia metabolism of Litopenaeus vannamei durin...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Elsevier
2021-07-01
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Series: | Aquaculture Reports |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513421000648 |