Cross-Talk between Neurohormonal Pathways and the Immune System in Heart Failure: A Review of the Literature

Cross-Talk between Neurohormonal Pathways and the Immune System in Heart Failure: A Review of the Literature

Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome involving a multitude of neurohormonal pathways including the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system, and natriuretic peptides system. It is now emerging that neurohumoral mechanisms activated during heart failure, with both pres...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Elena De Angelis, Michela Pecoraro, Maria Rosaria Rusciano, Michele Ciccarelli, Ada Popolo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2019-04-01
Series:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Subjects:
heart failure
immune system
adrenergic system
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
natriuretic peptides system
neuro-immunomodulation
heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/7/1698

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https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/7/1698

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