Cybernetics and the 4D Smart City: Smartness as Awareness

The complexity of urban challenges obliges us to seek smarter paths for urban development and increase our awareness of urban dynamics in a more holistic manner. Stemming from the discipline of architecture and urban planning, this concept paper outlines an idea of a cybernetic urban management for...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Emilia Rönkkö, Aulikki Herneoja, Essi Oikarinen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2018-04-01
Series:Challenges
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.mdpi.com/2078-1547/9/1/21