CTLA-4 Synergizes With PD1/PD-L1 in the Inhibitory Tumor Microenvironment of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

CTLA-4 Synergizes With PD1/PD-L1 in the Inhibitory Tumor Microenvironment of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is highly invasive and carries high mortality due to limited therapeutic strategies. In other solid tumors, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) target cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD1), and the PD1 ligand PD-L1 has...

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Main Authors: Xiao-Jun Guo, Jia-Cheng Lu, Hai-Ying Zeng, Rong Zhou, Qi-Man Sun, Guo-Huan Yang, Yan-Zi Pei, Xian-Long Meng, Ying-Hao Shen, Peng-Fei Zhang, Jia-Bin Cai, Pei-Xin Huang, Ai-Wu Ke, Ying-Hong Shi, Jian Zhou, Jia Fan, Yi Chen, Liu-Xiao Yang, Guo-Ming Shi, Xiao-Yong Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:
intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4
programmed death ligand-1
prognosis
hepatolithiasis
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.705378/full

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https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.705378/full

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