Analysis, Simulation, and Development of a Low-Cost Fully Active-Electrode Bioimpedance Measurement Module

Analysis, Simulation, and Development of a Low-Cost Fully Active-Electrode Bioimpedance Measurement Module

A low-cost 1 kHz–400 kHz operating frequency fully-active electrode bioimpedance measurement module, based on Howland current source, is presented in this paper. It includes a buffered positive feedback Howland current source, implemented with operational amplifiers, as well as an AD8421 instrumenta...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Christos Dimas, Vassilis Alimisis, Ioannis Georgakopoulos, Nikolaos Voudoukis, Nikolaos Uzunoglu, Paul P. Sotiriadis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-08-01
Series:Technologies
Subjects:
Howland current source
active electrode
electrical impedance tomography
bioimpedance measurement
instrumentation amplifier
transconductance
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/9/3/59

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https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/9/3/59

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