Establishment of Acid Hydrolysis by Box–Behnken Methodology as Pretreatment to Obtain Reducing Sugars from Tiger Nut Byproducts
Carbohydrate-rich byproducts may be used as a growth substrate for microalgae. The tiger nut, compared to other tubers, has higher carbohydrate content, which mostly remain in the byproduct after the production of tiger nut milk (“Horchata”). The aim of this study is the optimization of a hydrolysis...
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doaj-dec17aebbc454ed8b84795801b159a0c2021-04-02T15:41:59ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-03-011047747710.3390/agronomy10040477Establishment of Acid Hydrolysis by Box–Behnken Methodology as Pretreatment to Obtain Reducing Sugars from Tiger Nut ByproductsMaría del Carmen Razola-Díaz0Vito Verardo1Beatriz Martín-García2Elixabet Díaz-de-Cerio3Belén García-Villanova4Eduardo Jesús Guerra-Hernández5Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartment of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartment of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartment of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartment of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartment of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, SpainCarbohydrate-rich byproducts may be used as a growth substrate for microalgae. The tiger nut, compared to other tubers, has higher carbohydrate content, which mostly remain in the byproduct after the production of tiger nut milk (“Horchata”). The aim of this study is the optimization of a hydrolysis pre-treatment in tiger nut byproduct to obtain reducing sugars, objective framed in the European SUSPUFA (Sustainable production of health-promoting n-3 LC-PUFA using agro-food industry by-products through microalgae) Project. Two experimental 4-factor Box–Behnken designs (acid concentration (N), temperature (°C), time (min) and ratio acid/sample) were carried out with 27 experiments to optimize chemical hydrolysis conditions with H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> in duplicate. The sugars were determined by the Schoorl method and the extracts obtained by the optimal conditions were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Protected designation of origin (PDO) and non-protected designation of origin (n-PDO) tiger nut byproducts were characterized by physicochemical methods. The validity of the experimental designs was confirmed by ANOVA. The optimum sugar values were obtained with H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> 2 N at 85 °C, 60 min and ratio 60 and H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> 21 N at 90 °C, 60 min and ratio 60. Glucose and xylose were the sugars detected in the hydrolyzed samples. In conclusion, almost 50% of the total carbohydrates present in the tiger nut byproduct were hydrolyzed to reducing sugars.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/4/477surface response methodologyhorchata byproductsglucosexylosechemical hydrolysisSchoorl method |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
María del Carmen Razola-Díaz Vito Verardo Beatriz Martín-García Elixabet Díaz-de-Cerio Belén García-Villanova Eduardo Jesús Guerra-Hernández |
spellingShingle |
María del Carmen Razola-Díaz Vito Verardo Beatriz Martín-García Elixabet Díaz-de-Cerio Belén García-Villanova Eduardo Jesús Guerra-Hernández Establishment of Acid Hydrolysis by Box–Behnken Methodology as Pretreatment to Obtain Reducing Sugars from Tiger Nut Byproducts Agronomy surface response methodology horchata byproducts glucose xylose chemical hydrolysis Schoorl method |
author_facet |
María del Carmen Razola-Díaz Vito Verardo Beatriz Martín-García Elixabet Díaz-de-Cerio Belén García-Villanova Eduardo Jesús Guerra-Hernández |
author_sort |
María del Carmen Razola-Díaz |
title |
Establishment of Acid Hydrolysis by Box–Behnken Methodology as Pretreatment to Obtain Reducing Sugars from Tiger Nut Byproducts |
title_short |
Establishment of Acid Hydrolysis by Box–Behnken Methodology as Pretreatment to Obtain Reducing Sugars from Tiger Nut Byproducts |
title_full |
Establishment of Acid Hydrolysis by Box–Behnken Methodology as Pretreatment to Obtain Reducing Sugars from Tiger Nut Byproducts |
title_fullStr |
Establishment of Acid Hydrolysis by Box–Behnken Methodology as Pretreatment to Obtain Reducing Sugars from Tiger Nut Byproducts |
title_full_unstemmed |
Establishment of Acid Hydrolysis by Box–Behnken Methodology as Pretreatment to Obtain Reducing Sugars from Tiger Nut Byproducts |
title_sort |
establishment of acid hydrolysis by box–behnken methodology as pretreatment to obtain reducing sugars from tiger nut byproducts |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Agronomy |
issn |
2073-4395 |
publishDate |
2020-03-01 |
description |
Carbohydrate-rich byproducts may be used as a growth substrate for microalgae. The tiger nut, compared to other tubers, has higher carbohydrate content, which mostly remain in the byproduct after the production of tiger nut milk (“Horchata”). The aim of this study is the optimization of a hydrolysis pre-treatment in tiger nut byproduct to obtain reducing sugars, objective framed in the European SUSPUFA (Sustainable production of health-promoting n-3 LC-PUFA using agro-food industry by-products through microalgae) Project. Two experimental 4-factor Box–Behnken designs (acid concentration (N), temperature (°C), time (min) and ratio acid/sample) were carried out with 27 experiments to optimize chemical hydrolysis conditions with H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> in duplicate. The sugars were determined by the Schoorl method and the extracts obtained by the optimal conditions were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Protected designation of origin (PDO) and non-protected designation of origin (n-PDO) tiger nut byproducts were characterized by physicochemical methods. The validity of the experimental designs was confirmed by ANOVA. The optimum sugar values were obtained with H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> 2 N at 85 °C, 60 min and ratio 60 and H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> 21 N at 90 °C, 60 min and ratio 60. Glucose and xylose were the sugars detected in the hydrolyzed samples. In conclusion, almost 50% of the total carbohydrates present in the tiger nut byproduct were hydrolyzed to reducing sugars. |
topic |
surface response methodology horchata byproducts glucose xylose chemical hydrolysis Schoorl method |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/4/477 |
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