Mineral-Doped Poly(L-lactide) Acid Scaffolds Enriched with Exosomes Improve Osteogenic Commitment of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells are extracellular vesicles released to facilitate cell communication and function. Recently, polylactic acid (PLA), calcium silicates (CaSi), and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) have been used to produce bioresorbable functional mineral-doped porous...
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MDPI AG
2020-02-01
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Series: | Nanomaterials |
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Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/3/432 |
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Article |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Maria Giovanna Gandolfi Chiara Gardin Fausto Zamparini Letizia Ferroni Micaela Degli Esposti Greta Parchi Batur Ercan Lucia Manzoli Fabio Fava Paola Fabbri Carlo Prati Barbara Zavan |
spellingShingle |
Maria Giovanna Gandolfi Chiara Gardin Fausto Zamparini Letizia Ferroni Micaela Degli Esposti Greta Parchi Batur Ercan Lucia Manzoli Fabio Fava Paola Fabbri Carlo Prati Barbara Zavan Mineral-Doped Poly(L-lactide) Acid Scaffolds Enriched with Exosomes Improve Osteogenic Commitment of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Nanomaterials exosomes human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (had-mscs), polylactic acid scaffold calcium silicates exosome enriched scaffolds regenerative bone healing green bioplastics bioresorbable scaffold natural nanovesicles nanodelivery personalized regenerative medicine. |
author_facet |
Maria Giovanna Gandolfi Chiara Gardin Fausto Zamparini Letizia Ferroni Micaela Degli Esposti Greta Parchi Batur Ercan Lucia Manzoli Fabio Fava Paola Fabbri Carlo Prati Barbara Zavan |
author_sort |
Maria Giovanna Gandolfi |
title |
Mineral-Doped Poly(L-lactide) Acid Scaffolds Enriched with Exosomes Improve Osteogenic Commitment of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
title_short |
Mineral-Doped Poly(L-lactide) Acid Scaffolds Enriched with Exosomes Improve Osteogenic Commitment of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
title_full |
Mineral-Doped Poly(L-lactide) Acid Scaffolds Enriched with Exosomes Improve Osteogenic Commitment of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
title_fullStr |
Mineral-Doped Poly(L-lactide) Acid Scaffolds Enriched with Exosomes Improve Osteogenic Commitment of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mineral-Doped Poly(L-lactide) Acid Scaffolds Enriched with Exosomes Improve Osteogenic Commitment of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
title_sort |
mineral-doped poly(l-lactide) acid scaffolds enriched with exosomes improve osteogenic commitment of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nanomaterials |
issn |
2079-4991 |
publishDate |
2020-02-01 |
description |
Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells are extracellular vesicles released to facilitate cell communication and function. Recently, polylactic acid (PLA), calcium silicates (CaSi), and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) have been used to produce bioresorbable functional mineral-doped porous scaffolds-through thermally induced phase separation technique, as materials for bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mineral-doped PLA-based porous scaffolds enriched with exosome vesicles (EVs) on osteogenic commitment of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hAD-MSCs). Two different mineral-doped scaffolds were produced: PLA-10CaSi-10DCPD and PLA-5CaSi-5DCPD. Scaffolds surface micromorphology was investigated by ESEM-EDX before and after 28 days immersion in simulated body fluid (HBSS). Exosomes were deposited on the surface of the scaffolds and the effect of exosome-enriched scaffolds on osteogenic commitment of hAD-MSCs cultured in proximity of the scaffolds has been evaluated by real time PCR. In addition, the biocompatibility was evaluated by direct-contact seeding hAD-MSCs on scaffolds surface-using MTT viability test. In both formulations, ESEM showed pores similar in shape (circular and elliptic) and size (from 10−30 µm diameter). The porosity of the scaffolds decreased after 28 days immersion in simulated body fluid. Mineral-doped scaffolds showed a dynamic surface and created a suitable bone-forming microenvironment. The presence of the mineral fillers increased the osteogenic commitment of hAD-MSCs. Exosomes were easily entrapped on the surface of the scaffolds and their presence improved gene expression of major markers of osteogenesis such as collagen type I, osteopontin, osteonectin, osteocalcin. The experimental scaffolds enriched with exosomes, in particular PLA-10CaSi-10DCPD, increased the osteogenic commitment of MSCs. In conclusion, the enrichment of bioresorbable functional scaffolds with exosomes is confirmed as a potential strategy to improve bone regeneration procedures. |
topic |
exosomes human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (had-mscs), polylactic acid scaffold calcium silicates exosome enriched scaffolds regenerative bone healing green bioplastics bioresorbable scaffold natural nanovesicles nanodelivery personalized regenerative medicine. |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/3/432 |
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doaj-e0473c541fdd4cf2a629f8870012e9ab2020-11-25T01:48:39ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912020-02-0110343210.3390/nano10030432nano10030432Mineral-Doped Poly(L-lactide) Acid Scaffolds Enriched with Exosomes Improve Osteogenic Commitment of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem CellsMaria Giovanna Gandolfi0Chiara Gardin1Fausto Zamparini2Letizia Ferroni3Micaela Degli Esposti4Greta Parchi5Batur Ercan6Lucia Manzoli7Fabio Fava8Paola Fabbri9Carlo Prati10Barbara Zavan11Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, ItalyMedical Sciences Department, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, ItalyLaboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, ItalyMedical Sciences Department, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, ItalyLaboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, 06800 Ankara, TurkeyCellular Signaling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, ItalyEndodontic Clinical Section, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, ItalyMedical Sciences Department, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, ItalyExosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells are extracellular vesicles released to facilitate cell communication and function. Recently, polylactic acid (PLA), calcium silicates (CaSi), and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) have been used to produce bioresorbable functional mineral-doped porous scaffolds-through thermally induced phase separation technique, as materials for bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mineral-doped PLA-based porous scaffolds enriched with exosome vesicles (EVs) on osteogenic commitment of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hAD-MSCs). Two different mineral-doped scaffolds were produced: PLA-10CaSi-10DCPD and PLA-5CaSi-5DCPD. Scaffolds surface micromorphology was investigated by ESEM-EDX before and after 28 days immersion in simulated body fluid (HBSS). Exosomes were deposited on the surface of the scaffolds and the effect of exosome-enriched scaffolds on osteogenic commitment of hAD-MSCs cultured in proximity of the scaffolds has been evaluated by real time PCR. In addition, the biocompatibility was evaluated by direct-contact seeding hAD-MSCs on scaffolds surface-using MTT viability test. In both formulations, ESEM showed pores similar in shape (circular and elliptic) and size (from 10−30 µm diameter). The porosity of the scaffolds decreased after 28 days immersion in simulated body fluid. Mineral-doped scaffolds showed a dynamic surface and created a suitable bone-forming microenvironment. The presence of the mineral fillers increased the osteogenic commitment of hAD-MSCs. Exosomes were easily entrapped on the surface of the scaffolds and their presence improved gene expression of major markers of osteogenesis such as collagen type I, osteopontin, osteonectin, osteocalcin. The experimental scaffolds enriched with exosomes, in particular PLA-10CaSi-10DCPD, increased the osteogenic commitment of MSCs. In conclusion, the enrichment of bioresorbable functional scaffolds with exosomes is confirmed as a potential strategy to improve bone regeneration procedures.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/3/432exosomeshuman adipose mesenchymal stem cells (had-mscs), polylactic acid scaffoldcalcium silicatesexosome enriched scaffoldsregenerative bone healinggreen bioplasticsbioresorbable scaffoldnatural nanovesiclesnanodeliverypersonalized regenerative medicine. |