<span style="font-variant: small-caps">A H2AX–CARP-1 </span>Interaction Regulates Apoptosis Signaling Following DNA Damage
Cell Cycle and Apoptosis Regulatory Protein (CARP-1/CCAR1) is a peri-nuclear phosphoprotein that regulates apoptosis via chemotherapeutic Adriamycin (doxorubicin) and a novel class of CARP-1 functional mimetic (CFM) compounds. Although Adriamycin causes DNA damage, data from Comet assays revealed th...
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doaj-e06bedcc6d3c434baa57926196431a462020-11-25T00:04:19ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942019-02-0111222110.3390/cancers11020221cancers11020221<span style="font-variant: small-caps">A H2AX–CARP-1 </span>Interaction Regulates Apoptosis Signaling Following DNA DamageSreeja C. Sekhar0Jaganathan Venkatesh1Vino T. Cheriyan2Magesh Muthu3Edi Levi4Hadeel Assad5Paul Meister6Vishnu V. Undyala7James W. Gauld8Arun K. Rishi9John D. Dingell Veterans Administration Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USAJohn D. Dingell Veterans Administration Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USAJohn D. Dingell Veterans Administration Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USAJohn D. Dingell Veterans Administration Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USAJohn D. Dingell Veterans Administration Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USADepartment of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, CanadaCardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, CanadaJohn D. Dingell Veterans Administration Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USACell Cycle and Apoptosis Regulatory Protein (CARP-1/CCAR1) is a peri-nuclear phosphoprotein that regulates apoptosis via chemotherapeutic Adriamycin (doxorubicin) and a novel class of CARP-1 functional mimetic (CFM) compounds. Although Adriamycin causes DNA damage, data from Comet assays revealed that CFM-4.16 also induced DNA damage. Phosphorylation of histone 2AX (γH2AX) protein is involved in regulating DNA damage repair and apoptosis signaling. Adriamycin or CFM-4.16 treatments inhibited cell growth and caused elevated CARP-1 and γH2AX in human breast (HBC) and cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. In fact, a robust nuclear or peri-nuclear co-localization of CARP-1 and γH2AX occurred in cells undergoing apoptosis. Knock-down of CARP-1 diminished γH2AX, their co-localization, and apoptosis in CFM-4.16- or Adriamycin-treated cells. We found that CARP-1 directly binds with H2AX, and H2AX interacted with CARP-1, but not CARP-1 (Δ600⁻652) mutant. Moreover, cells expressing CARP-1 (Δ600⁻652) mutant were resistant to apoptosis, and had diminished levels of γH2AX, when compared with cells expressing wild-type CARP-1. Mutagenesis studies revealed that H2AX residues 1⁻35 harbored a CARP-1-binding epitope, while CARP-1 amino acids 636⁻650 contained an H2AX-interacting epitope. Surface plasmon resonance studies revealed that CARP-1 (636⁻650) peptide bound with H2AX (1⁻35) peptide with a dissociation constant (K<sub>d</sub>) of 127 nM. Cells expressing enhanced GFP (EGFP)-tagged H2AX (1⁻35) peptide or EGFP-tagged CARP-1 (636⁻650) peptide were resistant to inhibition by Adriamycin or CFM-4.16. Treatment of cells with transactivator of transcription (TAT)-tagged CARP-1 (636⁻650) peptide resulted in a moderate, statistically significant abrogation of Adriamycin-induced growth inhibition of cancer cells. Our studies provide evidence for requirement of CARP-1 interaction with H2AX in apoptosis signaling by Adriamycin and CFM compounds.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/11/2/221CCAR1/CARP-1γH2AXapoptosischemotherapeuticscancer cells |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sreeja C. Sekhar Jaganathan Venkatesh Vino T. Cheriyan Magesh Muthu Edi Levi Hadeel Assad Paul Meister Vishnu V. Undyala James W. Gauld Arun K. Rishi |
spellingShingle |
Sreeja C. Sekhar Jaganathan Venkatesh Vino T. Cheriyan Magesh Muthu Edi Levi Hadeel Assad Paul Meister Vishnu V. Undyala James W. Gauld Arun K. Rishi <span style="font-variant: small-caps">A H2AX–CARP-1 </span>Interaction Regulates Apoptosis Signaling Following DNA Damage Cancers CCAR1/CARP-1 γH2AX apoptosis chemotherapeutics cancer cells |
author_facet |
Sreeja C. Sekhar Jaganathan Venkatesh Vino T. Cheriyan Magesh Muthu Edi Levi Hadeel Assad Paul Meister Vishnu V. Undyala James W. Gauld Arun K. Rishi |
author_sort |
Sreeja C. Sekhar |
title |
<span style="font-variant: small-caps">A H2AX–CARP-1 </span>Interaction Regulates Apoptosis Signaling Following DNA Damage |
title_short |
<span style="font-variant: small-caps">A H2AX–CARP-1 </span>Interaction Regulates Apoptosis Signaling Following DNA Damage |
title_full |
<span style="font-variant: small-caps">A H2AX–CARP-1 </span>Interaction Regulates Apoptosis Signaling Following DNA Damage |
title_fullStr |
<span style="font-variant: small-caps">A H2AX–CARP-1 </span>Interaction Regulates Apoptosis Signaling Following DNA Damage |
title_full_unstemmed |
<span style="font-variant: small-caps">A H2AX–CARP-1 </span>Interaction Regulates Apoptosis Signaling Following DNA Damage |
title_sort |
<span style="font-variant: small-caps">a h2ax–carp-1 </span>interaction regulates apoptosis signaling following dna damage |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Cancers |
issn |
2072-6694 |
publishDate |
2019-02-01 |
description |
Cell Cycle and Apoptosis Regulatory Protein (CARP-1/CCAR1) is a peri-nuclear phosphoprotein that regulates apoptosis via chemotherapeutic Adriamycin (doxorubicin) and a novel class of CARP-1 functional mimetic (CFM) compounds. Although Adriamycin causes DNA damage, data from Comet assays revealed that CFM-4.16 also induced DNA damage. Phosphorylation of histone 2AX (γH2AX) protein is involved in regulating DNA damage repair and apoptosis signaling. Adriamycin or CFM-4.16 treatments inhibited cell growth and caused elevated CARP-1 and γH2AX in human breast (HBC) and cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. In fact, a robust nuclear or peri-nuclear co-localization of CARP-1 and γH2AX occurred in cells undergoing apoptosis. Knock-down of CARP-1 diminished γH2AX, their co-localization, and apoptosis in CFM-4.16- or Adriamycin-treated cells. We found that CARP-1 directly binds with H2AX, and H2AX interacted with CARP-1, but not CARP-1 (Δ600⁻652) mutant. Moreover, cells expressing CARP-1 (Δ600⁻652) mutant were resistant to apoptosis, and had diminished levels of γH2AX, when compared with cells expressing wild-type CARP-1. Mutagenesis studies revealed that H2AX residues 1⁻35 harbored a CARP-1-binding epitope, while CARP-1 amino acids 636⁻650 contained an H2AX-interacting epitope. Surface plasmon resonance studies revealed that CARP-1 (636⁻650) peptide bound with H2AX (1⁻35) peptide with a dissociation constant (K<sub>d</sub>) of 127 nM. Cells expressing enhanced GFP (EGFP)-tagged H2AX (1⁻35) peptide or EGFP-tagged CARP-1 (636⁻650) peptide were resistant to inhibition by Adriamycin or CFM-4.16. Treatment of cells with transactivator of transcription (TAT)-tagged CARP-1 (636⁻650) peptide resulted in a moderate, statistically significant abrogation of Adriamycin-induced growth inhibition of cancer cells. Our studies provide evidence for requirement of CARP-1 interaction with H2AX in apoptosis signaling by Adriamycin and CFM compounds. |
topic |
CCAR1/CARP-1 γH2AX apoptosis chemotherapeutics cancer cells |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/11/2/221 |
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