Maintaining Diversity of Integrated Rice and Fish Production Confers Adaptability of Food Systems to Global Change
Rice and fish are preferred foods, critical for healthy and nutritious diets, and provide the foundations of local and national economies across Asia. Although transformations, or “revolutions,” in agriculture and aquaculture over the past half-century have primarily relied upon intensified monocult...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-11-01
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Series: | Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems |
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Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2020.576179/full |
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doaj-e302882383f44b0bb872f5a7e2c4b1b4 |
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record_format |
Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sarah Freed Benoy Barman Mark Dubois Rica Joy Flor Simon Funge-Smith Rick Gregory Buyung A. R. Hadi Matthias Halwart Mahfuzul Haque S. V. Krishna Jagadish Olivier M. Joffre Manjurul Karim Yumiko Kura Matthew McCartney Manoranjan Mondal Van Kien Nguyen Van Kien Nguyen Fergus Sinclair Fergus Sinclair Alexander M. Stuart Xavier Tezzo Xavier Tezzo Sudhir Yadav Philippa J. Cohen |
spellingShingle |
Sarah Freed Benoy Barman Mark Dubois Rica Joy Flor Simon Funge-Smith Rick Gregory Buyung A. R. Hadi Matthias Halwart Mahfuzul Haque S. V. Krishna Jagadish Olivier M. Joffre Manjurul Karim Yumiko Kura Matthew McCartney Manoranjan Mondal Van Kien Nguyen Van Kien Nguyen Fergus Sinclair Fergus Sinclair Alexander M. Stuart Xavier Tezzo Xavier Tezzo Sudhir Yadav Philippa J. Cohen Maintaining Diversity of Integrated Rice and Fish Production Confers Adaptability of Food Systems to Global Change Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems food systems integrated agri-aquaculture inland fisheries food security food policy |
author_facet |
Sarah Freed Benoy Barman Mark Dubois Rica Joy Flor Simon Funge-Smith Rick Gregory Buyung A. R. Hadi Matthias Halwart Mahfuzul Haque S. V. Krishna Jagadish Olivier M. Joffre Manjurul Karim Yumiko Kura Matthew McCartney Manoranjan Mondal Van Kien Nguyen Van Kien Nguyen Fergus Sinclair Fergus Sinclair Alexander M. Stuart Xavier Tezzo Xavier Tezzo Sudhir Yadav Philippa J. Cohen |
author_sort |
Sarah Freed |
title |
Maintaining Diversity of Integrated Rice and Fish Production Confers Adaptability of Food Systems to Global Change |
title_short |
Maintaining Diversity of Integrated Rice and Fish Production Confers Adaptability of Food Systems to Global Change |
title_full |
Maintaining Diversity of Integrated Rice and Fish Production Confers Adaptability of Food Systems to Global Change |
title_fullStr |
Maintaining Diversity of Integrated Rice and Fish Production Confers Adaptability of Food Systems to Global Change |
title_full_unstemmed |
Maintaining Diversity of Integrated Rice and Fish Production Confers Adaptability of Food Systems to Global Change |
title_sort |
maintaining diversity of integrated rice and fish production confers adaptability of food systems to global change |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems |
issn |
2571-581X |
publishDate |
2020-11-01 |
description |
Rice and fish are preferred foods, critical for healthy and nutritious diets, and provide the foundations of local and national economies across Asia. Although transformations, or “revolutions,” in agriculture and aquaculture over the past half-century have primarily relied upon intensified monoculture to increase rice and fish production, agroecological approaches that support biodiversity and utilize natural processes are particularly relevant for achieving a transformation toward food systems with more inclusive, nutrition-sensitive, and ecologically sound outcomes. Rice and fish production are frequently integrated within the same physical, temporal, and social spaces, with substantial variation amongst the types of production practice and their extent. In Cambodia, rice field fisheries that strongly rely upon natural processes persist in up to 80% of rice farmland, whereas more input and infrastructure dependent rice-shrimp culture is expanding within the rice farmland of Vietnam. We demonstrate how a diverse suite of integrated production practices contribute to sustainable and nutrition-sensitive food systems policy, research, and practice. We first develop a typology of integrated production practices illustrating the nature and degree of: (a) fish stocking, (b) water management, (c) use of synthetic inputs, and (d) institutions that control access to fish. Second, we summarize recent research and innovations that have improved the performance of each type of practice. Third, we synthesize data on the prevalence, outcomes, and trajectories of these practices in four South and Southeast Asian countries that rely heavily on fish and rice for food and nutrition security. Focusing on changes since the food systems transformation brought about by the Green Revolution, we illustrate how integrated production practices continue to serve a variety of objectives to varying degrees: food and nutrition security, rural livelihood diversification and income improvement, and biodiversity conservation. Five shifts to support contemporary food system transformations [i.e., disaggregating (1) production practices and (2) objectives, (3) utilizing diverse metrics, (4) valuing emergent, place-based innovation, (5) building adaptive capacity] would accelerate progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 2, specifically through ensuring ecosystem maintenance, sustainable food production, and resilient agricultural practices with the capacity to adapt to global change. |
topic |
food systems integrated agri-aquaculture inland fisheries food security food policy |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2020.576179/full |
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doaj-e302882383f44b0bb872f5a7e2c4b1b42020-11-25T04:03:52ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems2571-581X2020-11-01410.3389/fsufs.2020.576179576179Maintaining Diversity of Integrated Rice and Fish Production Confers Adaptability of Food Systems to Global ChangeSarah Freed0Benoy Barman1Mark Dubois2Rica Joy Flor3Simon Funge-Smith4Rick Gregory5Buyung A. R. Hadi6Matthias Halwart7Mahfuzul Haque8S. V. Krishna Jagadish9Olivier M. Joffre10Manjurul Karim11Yumiko Kura12Matthew McCartney13Manoranjan Mondal14Van Kien Nguyen15Van Kien Nguyen16Fergus Sinclair17Fergus Sinclair18Alexander M. Stuart19Xavier Tezzo20Xavier Tezzo21Sudhir Yadav22Philippa J. Cohen23WorldFish, Phnom Penh, CambodiaWorldFish, Dhaka, BangladeshWorldFish, Yangon, MyanmarSustainable Impact Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Phnom Penh, CambodiaFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Bangkok, ThailandIndependent Consultant, Yangon, MyanmarSustainable Impact Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Phnom Penh, CambodiaFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, ItalyWorldFish, Dhaka, BangladeshKansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United StatesAgence Française de Développement, Phnom Penh, CambodiaWorldFish, Yangon, MyanmarWorldFish, Phnom Penh, Cambodia0International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka1Sustainable Impact Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh2An Giang University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam3Fenner School of Environment & Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia4World Agroforestry (International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya5School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Wales, United Kingdom6Sustainable Impact Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Bogor, IndonesiaWorldFish, Yangon, Myanmar7Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands8Sustainable Impact Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines9WorldFish, Penang, MalaysiaRice and fish are preferred foods, critical for healthy and nutritious diets, and provide the foundations of local and national economies across Asia. Although transformations, or “revolutions,” in agriculture and aquaculture over the past half-century have primarily relied upon intensified monoculture to increase rice and fish production, agroecological approaches that support biodiversity and utilize natural processes are particularly relevant for achieving a transformation toward food systems with more inclusive, nutrition-sensitive, and ecologically sound outcomes. Rice and fish production are frequently integrated within the same physical, temporal, and social spaces, with substantial variation amongst the types of production practice and their extent. In Cambodia, rice field fisheries that strongly rely upon natural processes persist in up to 80% of rice farmland, whereas more input and infrastructure dependent rice-shrimp culture is expanding within the rice farmland of Vietnam. We demonstrate how a diverse suite of integrated production practices contribute to sustainable and nutrition-sensitive food systems policy, research, and practice. We first develop a typology of integrated production practices illustrating the nature and degree of: (a) fish stocking, (b) water management, (c) use of synthetic inputs, and (d) institutions that control access to fish. Second, we summarize recent research and innovations that have improved the performance of each type of practice. Third, we synthesize data on the prevalence, outcomes, and trajectories of these practices in four South and Southeast Asian countries that rely heavily on fish and rice for food and nutrition security. Focusing on changes since the food systems transformation brought about by the Green Revolution, we illustrate how integrated production practices continue to serve a variety of objectives to varying degrees: food and nutrition security, rural livelihood diversification and income improvement, and biodiversity conservation. Five shifts to support contemporary food system transformations [i.e., disaggregating (1) production practices and (2) objectives, (3) utilizing diverse metrics, (4) valuing emergent, place-based innovation, (5) building adaptive capacity] would accelerate progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 2, specifically through ensuring ecosystem maintenance, sustainable food production, and resilient agricultural practices with the capacity to adapt to global change.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2020.576179/fullfood systemsintegrated agri-aquacultureinland fisheriesfood securityfood policy |