Lauric Acid Is an Inhibitor of Clostridium difficile Growth in Vitro and Reduces Inflammation in a Mouse Infection Model
Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic human gastrointestinal pathogen. C. difficile infection (CDI) is a major health concern worldwide, with symptoms ranging from diarrhea to pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon, sepsis, and death. CDI onset and progression are most...
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doaj-e40d0244391f487cbbf7cae6ef5f5de02020-11-24T21:47:08ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2018-01-01810.3389/fmicb.2017.02635299196Lauric Acid Is an Inhibitor of Clostridium difficile Growth in Vitro and Reduces Inflammation in a Mouse Infection ModelHsiao-Ting Yang0Jenn-Wei Chen1Jenn-Wei Chen2Jagat Rathod3Yu-Zhen Jiang4Pei-Jane Tsai5Pei-Jane Tsai6Yuan-Pin Hung7Yuan-Pin Hung8Yuan-Pin Hung9Wen-Chien Ko10Wen-Chien Ko11Wen-Chien Ko12Daniel Paredes-Sabja13I-Hsiu Huang14I-Hsiu Huang15Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, TaiwanDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, TaiwanCenter of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, TaiwanDepartment of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, TaiwanDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, TaiwanCenter of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, TaiwanDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, TaiwanDepartment of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, TaiwanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, TaiwanDepartment of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, TaiwanCenter of Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, TaiwanDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan0Microbiota-Host Interactions and Clostridia Research Group, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, ChileDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, TaiwanCenter of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, TaiwanClostridium difficile is a Gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic human gastrointestinal pathogen. C. difficile infection (CDI) is a major health concern worldwide, with symptoms ranging from diarrhea to pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon, sepsis, and death. CDI onset and progression are mostly caused by intestinal dysbiosis and exposure to C. difficile spores. Current treatment strategies include antibiotics; however, antibiotic use is often associated with high recurrence rates and an increased risk of antibiotic resistance. Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) have been revealed to inhibit the growth of multiple human bacterial pathogens. Components of coconut oil, which include lauric acid, have been revealed to inhibit C. difficile growth in vitro. In this study, we demonstrated that lauric acid exhibits potent antimicrobial activities against multiple toxigenic C. difficile isolates in vitro. The inhibitory effect of lauric acid is partly due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell membrane damage. The administration of lauric acid considerably reduced biofilm formation and preformed biofilms in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, in a mouse infection model, lauric acid pretreatment reduced CDI symptoms and proinflammatory cytokine production. Our combined results suggest that the naturally occurring MCFA lauric acid is a novel C. difficile inhibitor and is useful in the development of an alternative or adjunctive treatment for CDI.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02635/fullClostridium difficilemedium-chain fatty acidlauric acidalternative therapynatural product |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Hsiao-Ting Yang Jenn-Wei Chen Jenn-Wei Chen Jagat Rathod Yu-Zhen Jiang Pei-Jane Tsai Pei-Jane Tsai Yuan-Pin Hung Yuan-Pin Hung Yuan-Pin Hung Wen-Chien Ko Wen-Chien Ko Wen-Chien Ko Daniel Paredes-Sabja I-Hsiu Huang I-Hsiu Huang |
spellingShingle |
Hsiao-Ting Yang Jenn-Wei Chen Jenn-Wei Chen Jagat Rathod Yu-Zhen Jiang Pei-Jane Tsai Pei-Jane Tsai Yuan-Pin Hung Yuan-Pin Hung Yuan-Pin Hung Wen-Chien Ko Wen-Chien Ko Wen-Chien Ko Daniel Paredes-Sabja I-Hsiu Huang I-Hsiu Huang Lauric Acid Is an Inhibitor of Clostridium difficile Growth in Vitro and Reduces Inflammation in a Mouse Infection Model Frontiers in Microbiology Clostridium difficile medium-chain fatty acid lauric acid alternative therapy natural product |
author_facet |
Hsiao-Ting Yang Jenn-Wei Chen Jenn-Wei Chen Jagat Rathod Yu-Zhen Jiang Pei-Jane Tsai Pei-Jane Tsai Yuan-Pin Hung Yuan-Pin Hung Yuan-Pin Hung Wen-Chien Ko Wen-Chien Ko Wen-Chien Ko Daniel Paredes-Sabja I-Hsiu Huang I-Hsiu Huang |
author_sort |
Hsiao-Ting Yang |
title |
Lauric Acid Is an Inhibitor of Clostridium difficile Growth in Vitro and Reduces Inflammation in a Mouse Infection Model |
title_short |
Lauric Acid Is an Inhibitor of Clostridium difficile Growth in Vitro and Reduces Inflammation in a Mouse Infection Model |
title_full |
Lauric Acid Is an Inhibitor of Clostridium difficile Growth in Vitro and Reduces Inflammation in a Mouse Infection Model |
title_fullStr |
Lauric Acid Is an Inhibitor of Clostridium difficile Growth in Vitro and Reduces Inflammation in a Mouse Infection Model |
title_full_unstemmed |
Lauric Acid Is an Inhibitor of Clostridium difficile Growth in Vitro and Reduces Inflammation in a Mouse Infection Model |
title_sort |
lauric acid is an inhibitor of clostridium difficile growth in vitro and reduces inflammation in a mouse infection model |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
issn |
1664-302X |
publishDate |
2018-01-01 |
description |
Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic human gastrointestinal pathogen. C. difficile infection (CDI) is a major health concern worldwide, with symptoms ranging from diarrhea to pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon, sepsis, and death. CDI onset and progression are mostly caused by intestinal dysbiosis and exposure to C. difficile spores. Current treatment strategies include antibiotics; however, antibiotic use is often associated with high recurrence rates and an increased risk of antibiotic resistance. Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) have been revealed to inhibit the growth of multiple human bacterial pathogens. Components of coconut oil, which include lauric acid, have been revealed to inhibit C. difficile growth in vitro. In this study, we demonstrated that lauric acid exhibits potent antimicrobial activities against multiple toxigenic C. difficile isolates in vitro. The inhibitory effect of lauric acid is partly due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell membrane damage. The administration of lauric acid considerably reduced biofilm formation and preformed biofilms in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, in a mouse infection model, lauric acid pretreatment reduced CDI symptoms and proinflammatory cytokine production. Our combined results suggest that the naturally occurring MCFA lauric acid is a novel C. difficile inhibitor and is useful in the development of an alternative or adjunctive treatment for CDI. |
topic |
Clostridium difficile medium-chain fatty acid lauric acid alternative therapy natural product |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02635/full |
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