Lebanese Waterpipe Dependence Scale (LWDS-11) validation in a sample of Lebanese adolescents

Lebanese Waterpipe Dependence Scale (LWDS-11) validation in a sample of Lebanese adolescents

Abstract Background Salameh et al. developed the Lebanese Waterpipe Dependence Scale (LWDS-11) that assesses nicotine dependence among adult waterpipe smokers. In view of the high waterpipe use among Lebanese youth and other neighboring countries, it was deemed necessary to check the psychometric pr...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Souheil Hallit, Sahar Obeid, Hala Sacre, Pascale Salameh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2021-09-01
Series:BMC Public Health
Subjects:
Waterpipe
Dependence
LWDS
Adolescents
Lebanon
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11662-3

Internet

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11662-3

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