An Excitatory and Epileptogenic Effect of Dentate Gyrus Mossy Cells in a Mouse Model of Epilepsy

• Main Authors: Justin J. Botterill, Yi-Ling Lu, John J. LaFrancois, Hannah L. Bernstein, David Alcantara-Gonzalez, Swati Jain, Paige Leary, Helen E. Scharfman
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2019-11-01
• Series: Cell Reports
• Online Access: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124719314330

Summary: The sparse activity of hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells (GCs) is thought to be critical for cognition and behavior, whereas excessive DG activity may contribute to disorders such as temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Glutamatergic mossy cells (MCs) of the DG are potentially critical to normal and pathological functions of the DG because they can regulate GC activity through innervation of GCs or indirectly through GABAergic neurons. Here, we test the hypothesis that MC excitation of GCs is normally weak, but under pathological conditions, MC excitation of GCs is dramatically strengthened. We show that selectively inhibiting MCs during severe seizures reduced manifestations of those seizures, hippocampal injury, and chronic epilepsy. In contrast, selectively activating MCs was pro-convulsant. Mechanistic in vitro studies using optogenetics further demonstrated the unanticipated ability of MC axons to excite GCs under pathological conditions. These results demonstrate an excitatory and epileptogenic effect of MCs in the DG. : Dentate gyrus (DG) mossy cells (MCs) have glutamatergic synapses on the DG principal cells, granule cells (GCs), but many studies suggest that MCs inhibit GCs by exciting local GABAergic interneurons. Botterill et al. show that MC excitation of GCs is robust during status epilepticus, which contributes to excitotoxicity and epileptogenesis. Keywords: mossy cell, hilus, epilepsy, seizure, hippocampus, EEG, DREADDs, pilocarpine, dentate gyrus, optogenetics