Protective Effects of Swertiamarin against Methylglyoxal-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Improving Oxidative Stress in Rat Kidney Epithelial (NRK-52E) Cells
Increased blood glucose in diabetic individuals results in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), causing various adverse effects on kidney cells, thereby leading to diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, the antiglycative potential of Swertiamarin (SM) isolated from the methano...
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doaj-f0809ec1e07e49279e02abe457c070852021-05-31T23:24:28ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-05-01262748274810.3390/molecules26092748Protective Effects of Swertiamarin against Methylglyoxal-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Improving Oxidative Stress in Rat Kidney Epithelial (NRK-52E) CellsKirti Parwani0Farhin Patel1Dhara Patel2Palash Mandal3Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa 388421, IndiaDepartment of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa 388421, IndiaDepartment of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa 388421, IndiaDepartment of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa 388421, IndiaIncreased blood glucose in diabetic individuals results in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), causing various adverse effects on kidney cells, thereby leading to diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, the antiglycative potential of Swertiamarin (SM) isolated from the methanolic extract of <i>E. littorale</i> was explored. The effect of SM on protein glycation was studied by incubating bovine serum albumin with fructose at 60 °C in the presence and absence of different concentrations of swertiamarin for 24 h. For comparative analysis, metformin was also used at similar concentrations as SM. Further, to understand the role of SM in preventing DN, in vitro studies using NRK-52E cells were done by treating cells with methylglyoxal (MG) in the presence and absence of SM. SM showed better antiglycative potential as compared to metformin. In addition, SM could prevent the MG mediated pathogenesis in DN by reducing levels of argpyrimidine, oxidative stress and epithelial mesenchymal transition in kidney cells. SM also downregulated the expression of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. This study, for the first time, reports the antiglycative potential of SM and also provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms by which SM prevents toxicity of MG on rat kidney cells.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/9/2748advanced glycation end product (AGE)oxidative stressepithelial to mesenchymal transitionAGE-inhibitorswertiamarindiabetic nephropathy |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Kirti Parwani Farhin Patel Dhara Patel Palash Mandal |
spellingShingle |
Kirti Parwani Farhin Patel Dhara Patel Palash Mandal Protective Effects of Swertiamarin against Methylglyoxal-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Improving Oxidative Stress in Rat Kidney Epithelial (NRK-52E) Cells Molecules advanced glycation end product (AGE) oxidative stress epithelial to mesenchymal transition AGE-inhibitor swertiamarin diabetic nephropathy |
author_facet |
Kirti Parwani Farhin Patel Dhara Patel Palash Mandal |
author_sort |
Kirti Parwani |
title |
Protective Effects of Swertiamarin against Methylglyoxal-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Improving Oxidative Stress in Rat Kidney Epithelial (NRK-52E) Cells |
title_short |
Protective Effects of Swertiamarin against Methylglyoxal-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Improving Oxidative Stress in Rat Kidney Epithelial (NRK-52E) Cells |
title_full |
Protective Effects of Swertiamarin against Methylglyoxal-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Improving Oxidative Stress in Rat Kidney Epithelial (NRK-52E) Cells |
title_fullStr |
Protective Effects of Swertiamarin against Methylglyoxal-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Improving Oxidative Stress in Rat Kidney Epithelial (NRK-52E) Cells |
title_full_unstemmed |
Protective Effects of Swertiamarin against Methylglyoxal-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Improving Oxidative Stress in Rat Kidney Epithelial (NRK-52E) Cells |
title_sort |
protective effects of swertiamarin against methylglyoxal-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by improving oxidative stress in rat kidney epithelial (nrk-52e) cells |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Molecules |
issn |
1420-3049 |
publishDate |
2021-05-01 |
description |
Increased blood glucose in diabetic individuals results in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), causing various adverse effects on kidney cells, thereby leading to diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, the antiglycative potential of Swertiamarin (SM) isolated from the methanolic extract of <i>E. littorale</i> was explored. The effect of SM on protein glycation was studied by incubating bovine serum albumin with fructose at 60 °C in the presence and absence of different concentrations of swertiamarin for 24 h. For comparative analysis, metformin was also used at similar concentrations as SM. Further, to understand the role of SM in preventing DN, in vitro studies using NRK-52E cells were done by treating cells with methylglyoxal (MG) in the presence and absence of SM. SM showed better antiglycative potential as compared to metformin. In addition, SM could prevent the MG mediated pathogenesis in DN by reducing levels of argpyrimidine, oxidative stress and epithelial mesenchymal transition in kidney cells. SM also downregulated the expression of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. This study, for the first time, reports the antiglycative potential of SM and also provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms by which SM prevents toxicity of MG on rat kidney cells. |
topic |
advanced glycation end product (AGE) oxidative stress epithelial to mesenchymal transition AGE-inhibitor swertiamarin diabetic nephropathy |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/9/2748 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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