A characterization of Gaucher iPS-derived astrocytes: Potential implications for Parkinson's disease
While astrocytes, the most abundant cells found in the brain, have many diverse functions, their role in the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease (GD) has not been explored. GD, resulting from the inherited deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase and subsequent accumulation of glucosylcera...
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doaj-f6669fd77571433d96d62813d1eb4fac2021-03-22T12:48:51ZengElsevierNeurobiology of Disease1095-953X2020-02-01134A characterization of Gaucher iPS-derived astrocytes: Potential implications for Parkinson's diseaseElma Aflaki0Barbara K. Stubblefield1Ryan P. McGlinchey2Benjamin McMahon3Daniel S. Ory4Ellen Sidransky5Section of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of AmericaSection of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of AmericaLaboratory of Protein Conformation and Dynamics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of AmericaSection of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of AmericaDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of AmericaSection of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America; Corresponding author at: Section on Molecular Neurogenetics Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Building 35, Room 1E623, 35 Convent Drive, MSC 3708, Bethesda, MD 20892-3708, United States of America.While astrocytes, the most abundant cells found in the brain, have many diverse functions, their role in the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease (GD) has not been explored. GD, resulting from the inherited deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase and subsequent accumulation of glucosylceramide and its acylated derivative glucosylsphingosine, has both non-neuronopathic (GD1) and neuronopathic forms (GD2 and 3). Furthermore, mutations in GBA1, the gene mutated in GD, are an important risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). To elucidate the role of astrocytes in the disease pathogenesis, we generated iAstrocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells made from fibroblasts taken from controls and patients with GD1, with and without PD. We also made iAstrocytes from an infant with GD2, the most severe and progressive form, manifesting in infancy. Gaucher iAstrocytes appropriately showed deficient glucocerebrosidase activity and levels and substrate accumulation. These cells exhibited varying degrees of astrogliosis, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) up-regulation and cellular proliferation, depending on the level of residual glucocerebrosidase activity. Glutamte uptake assays demonstrated that the cells were functionally active, although the glutamine transporter EEAT2 was upregulated and EEAT1 downregulated in the GD2 samples. GD2 iAstrocytes were morphologically different, with severe cytoskeletal hypertrophy, overlapping of astrocyte processes, pronounced up-regulation of GFAP and S100β, and significant astrocyte proliferation, recapitulating the neuropathology observed in patients with GD2. Although astrocytes do not express α-synuclein, when the iAstrocytes were co-cultured with dopaminergic neurons generated from the same iPSC lines, excessive α-synuclein released from neurons was endocytosed by astrocytes, translocating into lysosomes. Levels of aggregated α-synuclein increased significantly when cells were treated with monomeric or fibrillar α-synuclein. GD1-PD and GD2 iAstrocytes also exhibited impaired Cathepsin D activity, leading to further α-synuclein accumulation. Cytokine and chemokine profiling of the iAstrocytes demonstrated an inflammatory response. Thus, in patients with GBA1-associated parkinsonism, astrocytes appear to play a role in α-synuclein accumulation and processing, contributing to neuroinflammation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969996119303225Parkinson's diseaseGaucher diseaseAstrocytesInduced pluriopotent stem cellsGlucocerebrosidaseGBA1 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Elma Aflaki Barbara K. Stubblefield Ryan P. McGlinchey Benjamin McMahon Daniel S. Ory Ellen Sidransky |
spellingShingle |
Elma Aflaki Barbara K. Stubblefield Ryan P. McGlinchey Benjamin McMahon Daniel S. Ory Ellen Sidransky A characterization of Gaucher iPS-derived astrocytes: Potential implications for Parkinson's disease Neurobiology of Disease Parkinson's disease Gaucher disease Astrocytes Induced pluriopotent stem cells Glucocerebrosidase GBA1 |
author_facet |
Elma Aflaki Barbara K. Stubblefield Ryan P. McGlinchey Benjamin McMahon Daniel S. Ory Ellen Sidransky |
author_sort |
Elma Aflaki |
title |
A characterization of Gaucher iPS-derived astrocytes: Potential implications for Parkinson's disease |
title_short |
A characterization of Gaucher iPS-derived astrocytes: Potential implications for Parkinson's disease |
title_full |
A characterization of Gaucher iPS-derived astrocytes: Potential implications for Parkinson's disease |
title_fullStr |
A characterization of Gaucher iPS-derived astrocytes: Potential implications for Parkinson's disease |
title_full_unstemmed |
A characterization of Gaucher iPS-derived astrocytes: Potential implications for Parkinson's disease |
title_sort |
characterization of gaucher ips-derived astrocytes: potential implications for parkinson's disease |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Neurobiology of Disease |
issn |
1095-953X |
publishDate |
2020-02-01 |
description |
While astrocytes, the most abundant cells found in the brain, have many diverse functions, their role in the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease (GD) has not been explored. GD, resulting from the inherited deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase and subsequent accumulation of glucosylceramide and its acylated derivative glucosylsphingosine, has both non-neuronopathic (GD1) and neuronopathic forms (GD2 and 3). Furthermore, mutations in GBA1, the gene mutated in GD, are an important risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). To elucidate the role of astrocytes in the disease pathogenesis, we generated iAstrocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells made from fibroblasts taken from controls and patients with GD1, with and without PD. We also made iAstrocytes from an infant with GD2, the most severe and progressive form, manifesting in infancy. Gaucher iAstrocytes appropriately showed deficient glucocerebrosidase activity and levels and substrate accumulation. These cells exhibited varying degrees of astrogliosis, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) up-regulation and cellular proliferation, depending on the level of residual glucocerebrosidase activity. Glutamte uptake assays demonstrated that the cells were functionally active, although the glutamine transporter EEAT2 was upregulated and EEAT1 downregulated in the GD2 samples. GD2 iAstrocytes were morphologically different, with severe cytoskeletal hypertrophy, overlapping of astrocyte processes, pronounced up-regulation of GFAP and S100β, and significant astrocyte proliferation, recapitulating the neuropathology observed in patients with GD2. Although astrocytes do not express α-synuclein, when the iAstrocytes were co-cultured with dopaminergic neurons generated from the same iPSC lines, excessive α-synuclein released from neurons was endocytosed by astrocytes, translocating into lysosomes. Levels of aggregated α-synuclein increased significantly when cells were treated with monomeric or fibrillar α-synuclein. GD1-PD and GD2 iAstrocytes also exhibited impaired Cathepsin D activity, leading to further α-synuclein accumulation. Cytokine and chemokine profiling of the iAstrocytes demonstrated an inflammatory response. Thus, in patients with GBA1-associated parkinsonism, astrocytes appear to play a role in α-synuclein accumulation and processing, contributing to neuroinflammation. |
topic |
Parkinson's disease Gaucher disease Astrocytes Induced pluriopotent stem cells Glucocerebrosidase GBA1 |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969996119303225 |
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