Nutrient Properties and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabonomic Analysis of Macrofungi
Many delicious and nutritional macrofungi are widely distributed and used in East Asian regions, considered as edible and medicinal foods. In this study, 11 species of dried and fresh, edible and medicinal macrofungi, <i>Ganoderma amboinense</i>, <i>Agaricus subrufescens</i>,...
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doaj-f7adb93458884f2f840cba5267dad8ea2020-11-25T02:45:40ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582019-09-018939710.3390/foods8090397foods8090397Nutrient Properties and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabonomic Analysis of MacrofungiDan Liu0Yu-Qing Chen1Xiao-Wei Xiao2Ru-Ting Zhong3Cheng-Feng Yang4Bin Liu5Chao Zhao6College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaMany delicious and nutritional macrofungi are widely distributed and used in East Asian regions, considered as edible and medicinal foods. In this study, 11 species of dried and fresh, edible and medicinal macrofungi, <i>Ganoderma amboinense</i>, <i>Agaricus subrufescens</i>, <i>Dictyophora indusiata</i>, <i>Pleurotus sajor-caju</i>, <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i>, <i>Pleurotus geesteranu</i>, <i>Hericium erinaceus</i>, <i>Stropharia rugosoannulata</i>, <i>Pleurotus sapidus</i>, <i>Antrodia camphorata</i>, and <i>Lentinus edodes</i> (Berk.) Sing, were investigated to determine the content of their nutritional components, including proteins, fat, carbohydrates, trace minerals, coarse cellulose, vitamins, and amino acids. The amino acid patterns and similarity of macrofungi were distinguished through principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analyses, respectively. A total of 103 metabolic small molecules of macrofungi were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and were aggregated by heatmap. Moreover, the macrofungi were classified by principal component analysis based on these metabolites. The results show that carbohydrates and proteins are two main components, as well as the nutritional ingredients, that differ among various species and varied between fresh and dried macrofungi. The amino acid patterns in <i>L. edodes</i> and <i>A. subrufescens</i> were different compared with that of the other tested mushrooms.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/8/9/397macrofungiproximate compositionssmall moleculesmetabonomicsNMR |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Dan Liu Yu-Qing Chen Xiao-Wei Xiao Ru-Ting Zhong Cheng-Feng Yang Bin Liu Chao Zhao |
spellingShingle |
Dan Liu Yu-Qing Chen Xiao-Wei Xiao Ru-Ting Zhong Cheng-Feng Yang Bin Liu Chao Zhao Nutrient Properties and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabonomic Analysis of Macrofungi Foods macrofungi proximate compositions small molecules metabonomics NMR |
author_facet |
Dan Liu Yu-Qing Chen Xiao-Wei Xiao Ru-Ting Zhong Cheng-Feng Yang Bin Liu Chao Zhao |
author_sort |
Dan Liu |
title |
Nutrient Properties and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabonomic Analysis of Macrofungi |
title_short |
Nutrient Properties and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabonomic Analysis of Macrofungi |
title_full |
Nutrient Properties and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabonomic Analysis of Macrofungi |
title_fullStr |
Nutrient Properties and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabonomic Analysis of Macrofungi |
title_full_unstemmed |
Nutrient Properties and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabonomic Analysis of Macrofungi |
title_sort |
nutrient properties and nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomic analysis of macrofungi |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Foods |
issn |
2304-8158 |
publishDate |
2019-09-01 |
description |
Many delicious and nutritional macrofungi are widely distributed and used in East Asian regions, considered as edible and medicinal foods. In this study, 11 species of dried and fresh, edible and medicinal macrofungi, <i>Ganoderma amboinense</i>, <i>Agaricus subrufescens</i>, <i>Dictyophora indusiata</i>, <i>Pleurotus sajor-caju</i>, <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i>, <i>Pleurotus geesteranu</i>, <i>Hericium erinaceus</i>, <i>Stropharia rugosoannulata</i>, <i>Pleurotus sapidus</i>, <i>Antrodia camphorata</i>, and <i>Lentinus edodes</i> (Berk.) Sing, were investigated to determine the content of their nutritional components, including proteins, fat, carbohydrates, trace minerals, coarse cellulose, vitamins, and amino acids. The amino acid patterns and similarity of macrofungi were distinguished through principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analyses, respectively. A total of 103 metabolic small molecules of macrofungi were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and were aggregated by heatmap. Moreover, the macrofungi were classified by principal component analysis based on these metabolites. The results show that carbohydrates and proteins are two main components, as well as the nutritional ingredients, that differ among various species and varied between fresh and dried macrofungi. The amino acid patterns in <i>L. edodes</i> and <i>A. subrufescens</i> were different compared with that of the other tested mushrooms. |
topic |
macrofungi proximate compositions small molecules metabonomics NMR |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/8/9/397 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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