Withania somnifera modulates cancer cachexia associated inflammatory cytokines and cell death in leukaemic THP-1 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC’s)
Abstract Background Cancer and inflammation are associated with cachexia. Withania somnifera (W. somnifera) possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. We investigated the potential of an aqueous extract of the root of W. somnifera (WRE) to modulate cytokines, antioxidants and apoptosis i...
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doaj-f853cc0865374e8b9d3929d00f44a6072020-11-25T02:49:27ZengBMCBMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine1472-68822018-04-0118111110.1186/s12906-018-2192-yWithania somnifera modulates cancer cachexia associated inflammatory cytokines and cell death in leukaemic THP-1 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC’s)Dhaneshree Bestinee Naidoo0Anil Amichund Chuturgoon1Alisa Phulukdaree2Kanive Parashiva Guruprasad3Kapaettu Satyamoorthy4Vikash Sewram5Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-NatalDiscipline of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-NatalDiscipline of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-NatalDivision of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal UniversityDivision of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal UniversityAfrican Cancer Institute, Stellenbosch UniversityAbstract Background Cancer and inflammation are associated with cachexia. Withania somnifera (W. somnifera) possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. We investigated the potential of an aqueous extract of the root of W. somnifera (WRE) to modulate cytokines, antioxidants and apoptosis in leukaemic THP-1 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC’s). Methods Cytotoxcity of WRE was determined at 24 and 72 h (h). Oxidant scavenging activity of WRE was evaluated (2, 2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl assay). Glutathione (GSH) levels, caspase (− 8, − 9, − 3/7) activities and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels (Luminometry) were thereafter assayed. Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and IL-10 levels were also assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Results At 24 h, WRE (0.2–0.4 mg/ml) decreased PBMC viability between 20 and 25%, whereas it increased THP-1 viability between 15 and 23% (p < 0.001). At 72 h, WRE increased PBMC viability by 27–39% (0.05, 0.4 mg/ml WRE) whereas decreased THP-1 viability between 9 and 16% (0.05–0.4 mg/ml WRE) (p < 0.001). Oxidant scavenging activity was increased by WRE (0.05–0.4 mg/ml, p < 0.0001). PBMC TNF-α and IL-10 levels were decreased by 0.2–0.4 mg/ml WRE, whereas IL-1β levels were increased by 0.05–0.4 mg/ml WRE (p < 0.0001). In THP-1 cells, WRE (0.05–0.4 mg/ml) decreased TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels (p < 0.0001). At 24 h, GSH levels were decreased in PBMC’s, whilst increased in THP-1 cells by 0.2–0.4 mg/ml WRE (p < 0.0001). At 72 h, WRE (0.1–0.4 mg/ml) decreased GSH levels in both cell lines (p < 0.0001). At 24 h, WRE (0.2–0.4 mg/ml) increased PBMC caspase (-8, -3/7) activities whereas WRE (0.05, 0.1, 0.4 mg/ml) increased THP-1 caspase (-9, -3/7) activities (p < 0.0001). At 72 h, PBMC caspase (-8, -9, -3/7) activities were increased at 0.05–0.1 mg/ml WRE (p < 0.0001). In THP-1 cells, caspase (-8, -9, -3/7) activities and ATP levels were increased by 0.1–0.2 mg/ml WRE, whereas decreased by 0.05 and 0.4 mg/ml WRE (72 h, p < 0.0001). Conclusion In PBMC’s and THP-1 cells, WRE proved to effectively modulate antioxidant activity, inflammatory cytokines and cell death. In THP-1 cells, WRE decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, which may alleviate cancer cachexia and excessive leukaemic cell growth.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12906-018-2192-yCancerCachexiaCytokinesApoptosisWithania somnifera |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Dhaneshree Bestinee Naidoo Anil Amichund Chuturgoon Alisa Phulukdaree Kanive Parashiva Guruprasad Kapaettu Satyamoorthy Vikash Sewram |
spellingShingle |
Dhaneshree Bestinee Naidoo Anil Amichund Chuturgoon Alisa Phulukdaree Kanive Parashiva Guruprasad Kapaettu Satyamoorthy Vikash Sewram Withania somnifera modulates cancer cachexia associated inflammatory cytokines and cell death in leukaemic THP-1 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC’s) BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine Cancer Cachexia Cytokines Apoptosis Withania somnifera |
author_facet |
Dhaneshree Bestinee Naidoo Anil Amichund Chuturgoon Alisa Phulukdaree Kanive Parashiva Guruprasad Kapaettu Satyamoorthy Vikash Sewram |
author_sort |
Dhaneshree Bestinee Naidoo |
title |
Withania somnifera modulates cancer cachexia associated inflammatory cytokines and cell death in leukaemic THP-1 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC’s) |
title_short |
Withania somnifera modulates cancer cachexia associated inflammatory cytokines and cell death in leukaemic THP-1 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC’s) |
title_full |
Withania somnifera modulates cancer cachexia associated inflammatory cytokines and cell death in leukaemic THP-1 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC’s) |
title_fullStr |
Withania somnifera modulates cancer cachexia associated inflammatory cytokines and cell death in leukaemic THP-1 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC’s) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Withania somnifera modulates cancer cachexia associated inflammatory cytokines and cell death in leukaemic THP-1 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC’s) |
title_sort |
withania somnifera modulates cancer cachexia associated inflammatory cytokines and cell death in leukaemic thp-1 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc’s) |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine |
issn |
1472-6882 |
publishDate |
2018-04-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Cancer and inflammation are associated with cachexia. Withania somnifera (W. somnifera) possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. We investigated the potential of an aqueous extract of the root of W. somnifera (WRE) to modulate cytokines, antioxidants and apoptosis in leukaemic THP-1 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC’s). Methods Cytotoxcity of WRE was determined at 24 and 72 h (h). Oxidant scavenging activity of WRE was evaluated (2, 2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl assay). Glutathione (GSH) levels, caspase (− 8, − 9, − 3/7) activities and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels (Luminometry) were thereafter assayed. Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and IL-10 levels were also assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Results At 24 h, WRE (0.2–0.4 mg/ml) decreased PBMC viability between 20 and 25%, whereas it increased THP-1 viability between 15 and 23% (p < 0.001). At 72 h, WRE increased PBMC viability by 27–39% (0.05, 0.4 mg/ml WRE) whereas decreased THP-1 viability between 9 and 16% (0.05–0.4 mg/ml WRE) (p < 0.001). Oxidant scavenging activity was increased by WRE (0.05–0.4 mg/ml, p < 0.0001). PBMC TNF-α and IL-10 levels were decreased by 0.2–0.4 mg/ml WRE, whereas IL-1β levels were increased by 0.05–0.4 mg/ml WRE (p < 0.0001). In THP-1 cells, WRE (0.05–0.4 mg/ml) decreased TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels (p < 0.0001). At 24 h, GSH levels were decreased in PBMC’s, whilst increased in THP-1 cells by 0.2–0.4 mg/ml WRE (p < 0.0001). At 72 h, WRE (0.1–0.4 mg/ml) decreased GSH levels in both cell lines (p < 0.0001). At 24 h, WRE (0.2–0.4 mg/ml) increased PBMC caspase (-8, -3/7) activities whereas WRE (0.05, 0.1, 0.4 mg/ml) increased THP-1 caspase (-9, -3/7) activities (p < 0.0001). At 72 h, PBMC caspase (-8, -9, -3/7) activities were increased at 0.05–0.1 mg/ml WRE (p < 0.0001). In THP-1 cells, caspase (-8, -9, -3/7) activities and ATP levels were increased by 0.1–0.2 mg/ml WRE, whereas decreased by 0.05 and 0.4 mg/ml WRE (72 h, p < 0.0001). Conclusion In PBMC’s and THP-1 cells, WRE proved to effectively modulate antioxidant activity, inflammatory cytokines and cell death. In THP-1 cells, WRE decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, which may alleviate cancer cachexia and excessive leukaemic cell growth. |
topic |
Cancer Cachexia Cytokines Apoptosis Withania somnifera |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12906-018-2192-y |
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