Background Concentrations of Cultivable, Mesophilic Bacteria and Dust Particles in the Air in Urban, Rural and Mountain Regions
Particulate air components can be of anthropogenic or natural origin. It is assumed that in different geographical areas varying concentrations of mesophilic bacteria are present in the ambient air. The aim of this study was to determine the background concentrations of airborne culturable mesophili...
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doaj-f96b7e8f5e6740fb8c6395fe4fad092f2020-12-22T00:03:48ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1661-78271660-46012020-12-01179572957210.3390/ijerph17249572Background Concentrations of Cultivable, Mesophilic Bacteria and Dust Particles in the Air in Urban, Rural and Mountain RegionsDoris Haas0Angela Kriso1Theresa Fritz2Herbert Galler3Juliana Habib4Mihaela Ilieva5Michael Kropsch6Petra Ofner-Kopeinig7Martin Stonitsch8Andreas Strasser9Eduard Zentner10Franz F. Reinthaler11D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, AustriaD&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, AustriaD&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, AustriaD&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, AustriaD&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, AustriaD&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, AustriaAgricultural Research and Education Center Raumberg Gumpenstein, 8952 Irdning, AustriaInstitute for Medical Informatics Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, AustriaD&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, AustriaD&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, AustriaAgricultural Research and Education Center Raumberg Gumpenstein, 8952 Irdning, AustriaD&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, AustriaParticulate air components can be of anthropogenic or natural origin. It is assumed that in different geographical areas varying concentrations of mesophilic bacteria are present in the ambient air. The aim of this study was to determine the background concentrations of airborne culturable mesophilic bacteria and particulate matter in the ambient air. Furthermore, the association between their concentrations and some environmental factors was analysed. In the period from July to October 2019, concentrations of mesophilic bacteria and dust particles were measured in urban, rural and mountain areas using the single-stage air sampler and the particle counter. The concentrations of bacteria and dust particles in the air were counted as number of Colony Forming Units per cubic metre (CFU/m<sup>3</sup>) and particles per cubic metre (pa/m<sup>3</sup>). <i>Staphylococcus</i> sp. were identified. The median values of the cultivated mesophilic bacteria at 30 °C and 37 °C were 7.1 × 10<sup>2</sup> CFU/m<sup>3</sup> and 2.3 × 10<sup>1</sup> CFU/m<sup>3</sup> in mountain regions, 1.3 × 10<sup>2</sup> CFU/m<sup>3</sup> and 6.9 × 10<sup>1</sup> CFU/m<sup>3</sup> in rural regions and 2.1 × 10<sup>2</sup> CFU/m<sup>3</sup> and 6.5 × 10<sup>1</sup> CFU/m<sup>3</sup> in urban regions. The median of <i>Staphylococcus</i> sp. was 2.5 × 10<sup>0</sup> CFU/m<sup>3</sup> in alpine areas and 7.5 × 10<sup>0</sup> CFU/m<sup>3</sup> in urban and rural areas. Higher bacterial concentrations were measured in sunshine and in windy weather. A relationship was observed between the concentrations of airborne mesophilic bacteria and the coarse particles in all three areas. The present study determined values between 5.0 × 10<sup>0</sup> and 4.6 × 10<sup>2</sup> CFU/m<sup>3</sup> as natural background concentrations of airborne mesophilic bacteria and 1.2 × 10<sup>7</sup> pa/m<sup>3</sup> and 6.5 × 10<sup>4</sup> pa/m<sup>3</sup> for fine and coarse particles, respectively. These results can be proposed as baseline for the assessment of the emission sources of mesophilic bacteria for summer and early autumn.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/24/9572background concentrationsdust particlesmesophilic bacteriameteorological factors<i>Staphylococcus</i> sp.<i>S. aureus</i> |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Doris Haas Angela Kriso Theresa Fritz Herbert Galler Juliana Habib Mihaela Ilieva Michael Kropsch Petra Ofner-Kopeinig Martin Stonitsch Andreas Strasser Eduard Zentner Franz F. Reinthaler |
spellingShingle |
Doris Haas Angela Kriso Theresa Fritz Herbert Galler Juliana Habib Mihaela Ilieva Michael Kropsch Petra Ofner-Kopeinig Martin Stonitsch Andreas Strasser Eduard Zentner Franz F. Reinthaler Background Concentrations of Cultivable, Mesophilic Bacteria and Dust Particles in the Air in Urban, Rural and Mountain Regions International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health background concentrations dust particles mesophilic bacteria meteorological factors <i>Staphylococcus</i> sp. <i>S. aureus</i> |
author_facet |
Doris Haas Angela Kriso Theresa Fritz Herbert Galler Juliana Habib Mihaela Ilieva Michael Kropsch Petra Ofner-Kopeinig Martin Stonitsch Andreas Strasser Eduard Zentner Franz F. Reinthaler |
author_sort |
Doris Haas |
title |
Background Concentrations of Cultivable, Mesophilic Bacteria and Dust Particles in the Air in Urban, Rural and Mountain Regions |
title_short |
Background Concentrations of Cultivable, Mesophilic Bacteria and Dust Particles in the Air in Urban, Rural and Mountain Regions |
title_full |
Background Concentrations of Cultivable, Mesophilic Bacteria and Dust Particles in the Air in Urban, Rural and Mountain Regions |
title_fullStr |
Background Concentrations of Cultivable, Mesophilic Bacteria and Dust Particles in the Air in Urban, Rural and Mountain Regions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Background Concentrations of Cultivable, Mesophilic Bacteria and Dust Particles in the Air in Urban, Rural and Mountain Regions |
title_sort |
background concentrations of cultivable, mesophilic bacteria and dust particles in the air in urban, rural and mountain regions |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1661-7827 1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2020-12-01 |
description |
Particulate air components can be of anthropogenic or natural origin. It is assumed that in different geographical areas varying concentrations of mesophilic bacteria are present in the ambient air. The aim of this study was to determine the background concentrations of airborne culturable mesophilic bacteria and particulate matter in the ambient air. Furthermore, the association between their concentrations and some environmental factors was analysed. In the period from July to October 2019, concentrations of mesophilic bacteria and dust particles were measured in urban, rural and mountain areas using the single-stage air sampler and the particle counter. The concentrations of bacteria and dust particles in the air were counted as number of Colony Forming Units per cubic metre (CFU/m<sup>3</sup>) and particles per cubic metre (pa/m<sup>3</sup>). <i>Staphylococcus</i> sp. were identified. The median values of the cultivated mesophilic bacteria at 30 °C and 37 °C were 7.1 × 10<sup>2</sup> CFU/m<sup>3</sup> and 2.3 × 10<sup>1</sup> CFU/m<sup>3</sup> in mountain regions, 1.3 × 10<sup>2</sup> CFU/m<sup>3</sup> and 6.9 × 10<sup>1</sup> CFU/m<sup>3</sup> in rural regions and 2.1 × 10<sup>2</sup> CFU/m<sup>3</sup> and 6.5 × 10<sup>1</sup> CFU/m<sup>3</sup> in urban regions. The median of <i>Staphylococcus</i> sp. was 2.5 × 10<sup>0</sup> CFU/m<sup>3</sup> in alpine areas and 7.5 × 10<sup>0</sup> CFU/m<sup>3</sup> in urban and rural areas. Higher bacterial concentrations were measured in sunshine and in windy weather. A relationship was observed between the concentrations of airborne mesophilic bacteria and the coarse particles in all three areas. The present study determined values between 5.0 × 10<sup>0</sup> and 4.6 × 10<sup>2</sup> CFU/m<sup>3</sup> as natural background concentrations of airborne mesophilic bacteria and 1.2 × 10<sup>7</sup> pa/m<sup>3</sup> and 6.5 × 10<sup>4</sup> pa/m<sup>3</sup> for fine and coarse particles, respectively. These results can be proposed as baseline for the assessment of the emission sources of mesophilic bacteria for summer and early autumn. |
topic |
background concentrations dust particles mesophilic bacteria meteorological factors <i>Staphylococcus</i> sp. <i>S. aureus</i> |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/24/9572 |
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