Birefringence Gradient and Exposure Energy of Hf:Yb:Nd:LiNbO3 Crystals with Various [Li]/[Nb] Ratios
A series of Hf:Yb:Nd:LiNbO3 crystals with different [Li]/[Nb] ratios (0.946, 1.05, 1.20, and 1.38) were grown using the Czochralski method. X-ray diffraction phase results of the samples show that the LiNbO3 doped Hf4+, Yb3+, and Nd3+ only have a slight change in the lattice constant. The birefringe...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2018-06-01
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| Series: | Crystals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/8/7/266 |