SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunit induces pro-inflammatory responses via toll-like receptor 4 signaling in murine and human macrophages

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has now spread globally. Some patients develop severe complications including multiple organ failure. It has been suggested that excessive inflammation associated with t...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ken Shirato, Takako Kizaki
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2021-02-01
Series:Heliyon
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021002929