Binding of Phage-Encoded FlaGrab to Motile Campylobacter jejuni Flagella Inhibits Growth, Downregulates Energy Metabolism, and Requires Specific Flagellar Glycans
Many bacterial pathogens display glycosylated surface structures that contribute to virulence, and targeting these structures is a viable strategy for pathogen control. The foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni expresses a vast diversity of flagellar glycans, and flagellar glycosylation is essenti...
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doaj-ff0a3f5457854092b8577a1305c4bef72020-11-25T02:05:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2020-03-011110.3389/fmicb.2020.00397509581Binding of Phage-Encoded FlaGrab to Motile Campylobacter jejuni Flagella Inhibits Growth, Downregulates Energy Metabolism, and Requires Specific Flagellar GlycansJessica C. Sacher0Asif Shajahan1James Butcher2Robert T. Patry3Robert T. Patry4Annika Flint5David R. Hendrixson6Alain Stintzi7Parastoo Azadi8Christine M. Szymanski9Christine M. Szymanski10Christine M. Szymanski11Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaComplex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United StatesOttawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaComplex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United StatesOttawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaDepartment of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United StatesOttawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaComplex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United StatesDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaComplex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United StatesMany bacterial pathogens display glycosylated surface structures that contribute to virulence, and targeting these structures is a viable strategy for pathogen control. The foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni expresses a vast diversity of flagellar glycans, and flagellar glycosylation is essential for its virulence. Little is known about why C. jejuni encodes such a diverse set of flagellar glycans, but it has been hypothesized that evolutionary pressure from bacteriophages (phages) may have contributed to this diversity. However, interactions between Campylobacter phages and host flagellar glycans have not been characterized in detail. Previously, we observed that Gp047 (now renamed FlaGrab), a conserved Campylobacter phage protein, binds to C. jejuni flagella displaying the nine-carbon monosaccharide 7-acetamidino-pseudaminic acid, and that this binding partially inhibits cell growth. However, the mechanism of this growth inhibition, as well as how C. jejuni might resist this activity, are not well-understood. Here we use RNA-Seq to show that FlaGrab exposure leads C. jejuni 11168 cells to downregulate expression of energy metabolism genes, and that FlaGrab-induced growth inhibition is dependent on motile flagella. Our results are consistent with a model whereby FlaGrab binding transmits a signal through flagella that leads to retarded cell growth. To evaluate mechanisms of FlaGrab resistance in C. jejuni, we characterized the flagellar glycans and flagellar glycosylation loci of two C. jejuni strains naturally resistant to FlaGrab binding. Our results point toward flagellar glycan diversity as the mechanism of resistance to FlaGrab. Overall, we have further characterized the interaction between this phage-encoded flagellar glycan-binding protein and C. jejuni, both in terms of mechanism of action and mechanism of resistance. Our results suggest that C. jejuni encodes as-yet unidentified mechanisms for generating flagellar glycan diversity, and point to phage proteins as exciting lenses through which to study bacterial surface glycans.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00397/fullbacteriophagesCampylobacter jejuniflagellaprotein glycosylationpseudaminic acidmass spectrometry |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jessica C. Sacher Asif Shajahan James Butcher Robert T. Patry Robert T. Patry Annika Flint David R. Hendrixson Alain Stintzi Parastoo Azadi Christine M. Szymanski Christine M. Szymanski Christine M. Szymanski |
spellingShingle |
Jessica C. Sacher Asif Shajahan James Butcher Robert T. Patry Robert T. Patry Annika Flint David R. Hendrixson Alain Stintzi Parastoo Azadi Christine M. Szymanski Christine M. Szymanski Christine M. Szymanski Binding of Phage-Encoded FlaGrab to Motile Campylobacter jejuni Flagella Inhibits Growth, Downregulates Energy Metabolism, and Requires Specific Flagellar Glycans Frontiers in Microbiology bacteriophages Campylobacter jejuni flagella protein glycosylation pseudaminic acid mass spectrometry |
author_facet |
Jessica C. Sacher Asif Shajahan James Butcher Robert T. Patry Robert T. Patry Annika Flint David R. Hendrixson Alain Stintzi Parastoo Azadi Christine M. Szymanski Christine M. Szymanski Christine M. Szymanski |
author_sort |
Jessica C. Sacher |
title |
Binding of Phage-Encoded FlaGrab to Motile Campylobacter jejuni Flagella Inhibits Growth, Downregulates Energy Metabolism, and Requires Specific Flagellar Glycans |
title_short |
Binding of Phage-Encoded FlaGrab to Motile Campylobacter jejuni Flagella Inhibits Growth, Downregulates Energy Metabolism, and Requires Specific Flagellar Glycans |
title_full |
Binding of Phage-Encoded FlaGrab to Motile Campylobacter jejuni Flagella Inhibits Growth, Downregulates Energy Metabolism, and Requires Specific Flagellar Glycans |
title_fullStr |
Binding of Phage-Encoded FlaGrab to Motile Campylobacter jejuni Flagella Inhibits Growth, Downregulates Energy Metabolism, and Requires Specific Flagellar Glycans |
title_full_unstemmed |
Binding of Phage-Encoded FlaGrab to Motile Campylobacter jejuni Flagella Inhibits Growth, Downregulates Energy Metabolism, and Requires Specific Flagellar Glycans |
title_sort |
binding of phage-encoded flagrab to motile campylobacter jejuni flagella inhibits growth, downregulates energy metabolism, and requires specific flagellar glycans |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
issn |
1664-302X |
publishDate |
2020-03-01 |
description |
Many bacterial pathogens display glycosylated surface structures that contribute to virulence, and targeting these structures is a viable strategy for pathogen control. The foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni expresses a vast diversity of flagellar glycans, and flagellar glycosylation is essential for its virulence. Little is known about why C. jejuni encodes such a diverse set of flagellar glycans, but it has been hypothesized that evolutionary pressure from bacteriophages (phages) may have contributed to this diversity. However, interactions between Campylobacter phages and host flagellar glycans have not been characterized in detail. Previously, we observed that Gp047 (now renamed FlaGrab), a conserved Campylobacter phage protein, binds to C. jejuni flagella displaying the nine-carbon monosaccharide 7-acetamidino-pseudaminic acid, and that this binding partially inhibits cell growth. However, the mechanism of this growth inhibition, as well as how C. jejuni might resist this activity, are not well-understood. Here we use RNA-Seq to show that FlaGrab exposure leads C. jejuni 11168 cells to downregulate expression of energy metabolism genes, and that FlaGrab-induced growth inhibition is dependent on motile flagella. Our results are consistent with a model whereby FlaGrab binding transmits a signal through flagella that leads to retarded cell growth. To evaluate mechanisms of FlaGrab resistance in C. jejuni, we characterized the flagellar glycans and flagellar glycosylation loci of two C. jejuni strains naturally resistant to FlaGrab binding. Our results point toward flagellar glycan diversity as the mechanism of resistance to FlaGrab. Overall, we have further characterized the interaction between this phage-encoded flagellar glycan-binding protein and C. jejuni, both in terms of mechanism of action and mechanism of resistance. Our results suggest that C. jejuni encodes as-yet unidentified mechanisms for generating flagellar glycan diversity, and point to phage proteins as exciting lenses through which to study bacterial surface glycans. |
topic |
bacteriophages Campylobacter jejuni flagella protein glycosylation pseudaminic acid mass spectrometry |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00397/full |
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