Smoking and risk of breast cancer in the Generations Study cohort
Abstract Background Plausible biological reasons exist regarding why smoking could affect breast cancer risk, but epidemiological evidence is inconsistent. Methods We used serial questionnaire information from the Generations Study cohort (United Kingdom) to estimate HRs for breast cancer in relatio...
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doaj-ff8e6424e9ac46279b292ad508b5fb3f2021-03-02T07:12:03ZengBMCBreast Cancer Research1465-542X2017-11-0119111410.1186/s13058-017-0908-4Smoking and risk of breast cancer in the Generations Study cohortMichael E. Jones0Minouk J. Schoemaker1Lauren B. Wright2Alan Ashworth3Anthony J. Swerdlow4Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer ResearchDivision of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer ResearchDivision of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer ResearchDivision of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer ResearchDivision of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer ResearchAbstract Background Plausible biological reasons exist regarding why smoking could affect breast cancer risk, but epidemiological evidence is inconsistent. Methods We used serial questionnaire information from the Generations Study cohort (United Kingdom) to estimate HRs for breast cancer in relation to smoking adjusted for potentially confounding factors, including alcohol intake. Results Among 102,927 women recruited 2003–2013, with an average of 7.7 years of follow-up, 1815 developed invasive breast cancer. The HR (reference group was never smokers) was 1.14 (95% CI 1.03–1.25; P = 0.010) for ever smokers, 1.24 (95% CI 1.08–1.43; P = 0.002) for starting smoking at ages < 17 years, and 1.23 (1.07–1.41; P = 0.004) for starting smoking 1–4 years after menarche. Breast cancer risk was not statistically associated with interval from initiation of smoking to first birth (P-trend = 0.97). Women with a family history of breast cancer (ever smoker vs never smoker HR 1.35; 95% CI 1.12–1.62; P = 0.002) had a significantly larger HR in relation to ever smokers (P for interaction = 0.039) than women without (ever smoker vs never smoker HR 1.07; 95% CI 0.96–1.20; P = 0.22). The interaction was prominent for age at starting smoking (P = 0.003) and starting smoking relative to age at menarche (P = 0.0001). Conclusions Smoking was associated with a modest but significantly increased risk of breast cancer, particularly among women who started smoking at adolescent or peri-menarcheal ages. The relative risk of breast cancer associated with smoking was greater for women with a family history of the disease.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13058-017-0908-4SmokingBreast neoplasmsCohort studies |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Michael E. Jones Minouk J. Schoemaker Lauren B. Wright Alan Ashworth Anthony J. Swerdlow |
spellingShingle |
Michael E. Jones Minouk J. Schoemaker Lauren B. Wright Alan Ashworth Anthony J. Swerdlow Smoking and risk of breast cancer in the Generations Study cohort Breast Cancer Research Smoking Breast neoplasms Cohort studies |
author_facet |
Michael E. Jones Minouk J. Schoemaker Lauren B. Wright Alan Ashworth Anthony J. Swerdlow |
author_sort |
Michael E. Jones |
title |
Smoking and risk of breast cancer in the Generations Study cohort |
title_short |
Smoking and risk of breast cancer in the Generations Study cohort |
title_full |
Smoking and risk of breast cancer in the Generations Study cohort |
title_fullStr |
Smoking and risk of breast cancer in the Generations Study cohort |
title_full_unstemmed |
Smoking and risk of breast cancer in the Generations Study cohort |
title_sort |
smoking and risk of breast cancer in the generations study cohort |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Breast Cancer Research |
issn |
1465-542X |
publishDate |
2017-11-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Plausible biological reasons exist regarding why smoking could affect breast cancer risk, but epidemiological evidence is inconsistent. Methods We used serial questionnaire information from the Generations Study cohort (United Kingdom) to estimate HRs for breast cancer in relation to smoking adjusted for potentially confounding factors, including alcohol intake. Results Among 102,927 women recruited 2003–2013, with an average of 7.7 years of follow-up, 1815 developed invasive breast cancer. The HR (reference group was never smokers) was 1.14 (95% CI 1.03–1.25; P = 0.010) for ever smokers, 1.24 (95% CI 1.08–1.43; P = 0.002) for starting smoking at ages < 17 years, and 1.23 (1.07–1.41; P = 0.004) for starting smoking 1–4 years after menarche. Breast cancer risk was not statistically associated with interval from initiation of smoking to first birth (P-trend = 0.97). Women with a family history of breast cancer (ever smoker vs never smoker HR 1.35; 95% CI 1.12–1.62; P = 0.002) had a significantly larger HR in relation to ever smokers (P for interaction = 0.039) than women without (ever smoker vs never smoker HR 1.07; 95% CI 0.96–1.20; P = 0.22). The interaction was prominent for age at starting smoking (P = 0.003) and starting smoking relative to age at menarche (P = 0.0001). Conclusions Smoking was associated with a modest but significantly increased risk of breast cancer, particularly among women who started smoking at adolescent or peri-menarcheal ages. The relative risk of breast cancer associated with smoking was greater for women with a family history of the disease. |
topic |
Smoking Breast neoplasms Cohort studies |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13058-017-0908-4 |
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