| Summary: | 碩士 === 臺北市立師範學院 === 國民教育研究所 === 93 === Summary
The research objects of the study are thirty children that the author teaches in a kindergarten. The research method utilized in the study is ethnographic microanalysis developed by Erickson (1992). Ethnographic microanalysis is the most effective way to reveal what is hidden, the so-called black-box of the daily life, in the educational context. The objective of the study is to understand the process of children’s rough- and-tumble through ethnographic microanalysis, and to investigate what happened among children and among children and teacher in the context of rough-and-tumble, and to unravel how children shape the meanings of games through various tricks and ways under the constraints of the social structure.
The children’s gun-shooting games trigger the teacher’s dilemma between classroom rules and children’s rough-and-tumble. The rule of prohibiting running in the classroom and the required running of gun-shooting games is conflicted. Although the teacher once banned the gun-shooting games, this kind of games occurs frequently. When children use toys to construct objects such as guns and airplanes and with the call of the leader, this kind of large-scale, organized, and plotted rough-and-tumble occurs recurrently. Is this kind of games really fun? Why would children violate the rules set by teachers for just playing the games? To investigate these questions, I have tried to find clues from field information and also video types. The major discoveries of the study are as follows.
The purpose of children’s blocks construction
The purpose of children’s blocks construction is not only to build up objects, but also to utilize the objects construction for imagination and role-play games. In the other words, the purpose of toy construction is to utilize the toy as a media to transform children into the world of imagination. Therefore, in stead of saying that children love to construct toys, it is appropriate to say that they utilize toy in order to enter the world of imagination and to realize their dreams.
The repetitive behavior model of gun-shooting games
Corsaro（1988）argues that game activities form a repetitive behavior model if the rules of game are constructed.He terms this repetitive behavior model, the routine of games. From the author’s observations, there exists a kind of repetitive behavior model in gun-shooting games. Usually starting from objects construction, children would get components themselves or from their playmates. After several minutes, the objects construction is completed. Children constructing similar types of toys would form a play group. After discussion of the roles distribution and the content of games, children start the games. In the process of playing, they might pause for reconstruction for the issues of rules or the repairs of toys. After several minutes of reconstruction, they continue the group game again. Children play under this cycle of game model until the time is up for corner activities.
The myth of good students
In the process of children’s gun-shooting games, the author has found that the good student from the Crab class, who is the leader of the play group, regulates the playing rules and also dominates the distribution of roles in the process of goup games. In the entire game, the good student always enjoys dominance and privilege. The dominance and privilege make the good student become self-benefit and can not treat others fairly. Thus, the good student becomes a “quite different” good student in the eyes of the teacher.
The survival ways for the followers
As children getting familiar with each other, small groups are formed in the classroom gradually. Among members of a small group, hierarchy is forming naturally. There are the leader and the followers. Usually, members of small group get together at the time of corner activities and outdoors activities. They get together to play games of imagination as a group. In the small group, the followers play the role as the clown. Sometimes, they have to give away toys components to trade in friendship for them to survive in the small group. Thus, it becomes a unique way for the followers to survive in the group.
Key word：Preschool Children Rough-and-Tumble The Reflective of Thinking
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