| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣師範大學 === 化學系在職進修碩士班 === 95 === Abstract
Fresh ginger and dry ginger are considered to be two distinct kinds of Chinese herbal medicine. Fresh ginger is a warm acrid superficies-resolving drug, and is used for colds, nausea, vomiting, bloating and coughing. After processing, fresh ginger becomes dry ginger. Dry ginger is an interior-warming chill-repelling drug , and is used for vomiting, diarrhea, cold limbs, weak pulses, coughing and rheumatism.
This study is divided into three parts. The first part explores modern research on ginger, and sorts its chemical properties into three main categories: volatile oils, pungent principles and diarylheptanoid compounds. Ginger’s pungency mainly comes from chemicals such as gingerols ([6]-, [8]-, [10]-gingerol), shogals ([6]-, [8]-, [10]-shogaol). Of those, [6]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol are present in the largest amounts, and are the main active pharmacological ingredients in ginger as well. Gingerols, with the amount directly proportional to the age of the ginger, are thermally unstable, and at high temperatures change easily into shogaols. Therefore fresh ginger is rich in [6]-gingerol while dry ginger is rich in [6]-shogaol’s age. Research indicates that the pharmacological properties of fresh ginger are similar to gingerol while dry ginger is similar to those of shogaol.
In the second part, an HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) was developped to analyze the active pharmacological ingredients in fresh and dry ginger capable of separating zingerone, [6]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol within 65 minutes. Using the above method, our study conducted an analysis on 10 batches of fresh and dry ginger sold on the market. The results indicate that fresh ginger contained [6]-gingerol, 1.63 ~ 2.82 mg/g, and [6]-shogaol, 0.089 ~ 0.120 mg/g, with the average [6]-gingerol content being far higher than [6]-shogaol by a factor of around twenty, and had no zingerone. In dry ginger contained zingerone, 0.054~0.140mg/g, [6]-gingerol, 1.22~6.28 mg/g, and [6]-shogaol, 1.40~2.71mg, with the average [6]-gingerol content being still higher than [6]-shogaol but only by 1.7 times.
In the third part, the above method of analysis was used on prescription medicines containing fresh and dry ginger sold on the market. Laboratory results showed that converting the raw ingredients into medicine changed the [6]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol concentrations by amounts varying between -66.48% and 25.79%, with 6 out of 8 samples’ variation exceeding 10% (absolute value). This outcome demonstrated that when producing prescription medicine, other ingredients had a very large effect on the extraction of active pharmacological ingredients in fresh and dry ginger. This resulted in very obvious changes to the concentration of [6]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol.
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