The Role of TNF-α in Morphine Tolerance: Effect of TNF-α inhibitor Etanercept and its therapeutic implication
博士 === 國防醫學院 === 醫學科學研究所 === 100 === Opioids are potent and effective analgesics; they are widely used in clinical pain management. Long-term exposure to morphine leads to analgesic tolerance. There are two possible mechanisms for drug tolerance; within-system and between-system adaptation. Recent i...
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| Format: | Others |
| Language: | en_US |
| Published: |
2011
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| Online Access: | http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07173379106776361678 |