| Summary: | 碩士 === 臺北醫學大學 === 保健營養學研究所 === 100 === Introduction: Increased prevalence and incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia are associated with advancing age. An appropriate evaluation of nutritional status could prevent and treat nutrition-related problems experienced by people with dementia.
Objective: To investigate dietary intake (calories and nutrients) among older adults with normal cognitive function, mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer’s disease and to make comparison among three groups.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out during the period October 2011 to May 2012. There were three groups in this study: normal cognitive function representing control group (n = 32); mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 28) and mild Alzheimer’s disease (mild AD) (n = 40). All subjects were aged ≧ 65 years old. Data collected for the study included demographic characteristics, blood tests and dietary intake. Dietary intake was collected by 24-hr diet recall and 2 days’ diet record. Estimate portions and of weight of foods were obtained from nutrition reference publications. Nutrient analysis software (Taiwan) was used to calculate the intake calories and selected nutrients. All dietary data were compared with the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) revised seventh edition on 2011.
Results: In this study, more than half of the subjects had hypertension. There were no significant differences among three groups in anthropometric measures and blood tests. When compared with the DRIs, the three groups of older adults had adequate dietary intake of carbohydrates and proteins, vitamin B12, vitamin C and phosphorus. The dietary intake of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin were more than 67 % of DRIs, iron was more than 75 % of DRIs. However, we observed inadequate dietary intake of vitamin E (46 % of DRIs) and calcium (40 % of DRIs). Intake of vitamin B6 were more than 69 %, but was lower in the mild AD group (63 % of DRIs). Intake of magnesium was 69 % of DRIs among women in the control and MCI group, but mild AD group women, three groups of men only 65 % of DRIs. Among the women in the control group and mild AD group, intake of zinc were 69 % of DRIs, but MCI group women and three groups of men only 59 % of DRIs.
Conclusion: Hypertension is common in older adults with normal cognitive function, mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer’s disease. There were no significant differences among three groups in intake of calories, macronutrients, vitamins and minerals. Further comparison with the RDIs revealed the three groups of older adults had low intake of vitamin E, vitamin B6, calcium, magnesium and zinc.
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