| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣師範大學 === 人類發展與家庭學系 === 104 === Background & purpose
In recent years, promoting having a balanced diet and intake multicolored food by The Ministry of Health and Welfare in Taiwan. By choosing a variety of colour in the diet, we can get different phytochemicals to prevent and reduce the risk of cancer and chronic diseases. There are many studies evaluate dietary intakes, but the lack of studies investigate about diatary intakes of pregnant women in different areas.The purpose of this study is to collect and evaluate the current diatary and phytochemicals intakes of pregnant women of Taiwan by a prospective study..
Study method
We recruited 451 health pregnant women less than 20 weeks from the Taipei City Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital and E-Da Hospital from Nov. 2009 to Oct. 2011. The basic characteristics, five 24 hour dietary recalls and the neonatal information by using face-to-face, telephone, mail and e-mail. Phytochemicals values of food in the NUFOOD system were based on The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and domestic databases. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 21.0 and STATA 8.0 software.
Result
The final analyses included total 335 women and their newborns ,the northern Taiwan (n=122), the central Taiwan (n=104) and the southern Taiwan (n=109). Before pregnancy, the average age was 31 years old, height was 160 cm, weight was 56 kg, BMI was 22 kg/m2. The results showed that The northern and central Taiwan proportion of high social-economic backgrounds and education is higher than higher than the southern of pregnant women.
The results of the 24-hour dietary recalls evaluation indicated that the participants’ average daily calorie intake of three trimesters were 1627 Kcal, 1939 Kcal and 2007 Kcal, respectively. The percentage of energy was 15~16% of protein, 30~32% of fat, and 53~54% of carbohydrate.The women from the central Taiwan consumed more nutrients than those from the northern Taiwan and the southern Taiwan.
The the results of the 24-hour dietary recalls evaluation indicated that the participants’ average daily phytochemaicals intake were slightly higher than other researches: total isoflavone 22.9mg, daidzein 9.8mg, genistein 12.4mg, glycitein 1.1mg, α-carotene 276.4µg, β-carotene 3442.1µg, β-cryptoxanthine 181.8µg, lutein+zeaxanthin 7487.8µg, lycopene 1269.0µg, quercetin 10.3mg, kaempferol 2.6mg, myricetin 1.3mg, isorhamnetin 0.3mg, luteolin 1.1mg, apigenin 0.5mg, hesperetin 10.4mg, naringenin 5.1mg, eriodictyol 0.5mg. Analysis showed that women’s main food sources of isoflavone (total isoflavone, daidzein, genistein, glycitein), carotenoid (α-carotene and β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthine, lutein+zeaxanthin, lycopene) and flavonoid (quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, isorhamnetin, luteolin, apigenin, hesperetin, naringenin, eriodictyol) are soy products, dark-colored vegetables vegetable and fruits, and light-colored vegetables, dark-colored vegetables vegetable and fruits, respectively.
However, the maternal phytochmeicals intakes didn’t show relationships with the gestational weight gain and birth outcomes by partial correlation analysis.
Conclusion
The above results showed that there are difference of dietary and phytochemicals intakes between different areas of Taiwan during pregnancy. maternal dietary preferences do affect the nutrient intakes. However, the dietary preferences during pregnancy did not show relationships with the gestational weight gain and birth outcomes . Since an appropriate phytochemicals intake can reduce the risks of cancer and chronic diseases, for people phytochemicals intake below the recommended value of the vegetable and fruit, it is recommended to promote public increased intake of multicolored food, and increase rich in phytochemicals used to protect people's health.
Key words：nutrition intake in pregnancy, phytochemicals, isoflavone, carotenoid, flavonoid
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