| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立宜蘭大學 === 生物資源學院碩士在職專班 === 105 === In this study, the mackerel viscera oil was extracted by direct steam cooking extraction and was refined to meet the requirement of CNS 8156 N5193 Edible refined processed oil specification and Health food standard of fish oil. Mackerel is the largest catch amount in the Yilan region of Taiwan. More than 70% of the mackerel is supplied as the raw material in the food processing industry, but it also produce about 50% waste such as visceral, head, tail and other. The mackerel viscera collection and pre-treatment were processed with good hygiene practice, then fish oil was extracted with direct steam cooking under different solid-liquid ratio and inner/outer pot water amount. The optimum conditions about direct steam cooking extraction of crude mackerel viscera oil were determined by checking the acid value, peroxide value and fatty acid composition before and after extraction and refinning. The average crude fish oil extraction rate of mackerel viscera was about 13% (73 % recovery). The acid value of the crude mackerel viscera oil extracted from different cooking conditions was between 10.57-15.21 mg KOH/g oil, but it was reduced to between 0.25-0.39 mg KOH/g oil after degumming and deacidification with 55.2-72.9% recovery. Furthermore, the peroxide value of refined mackerel viscera oil was from 9.13 to 15.25 meq/kg oil, and the total content of EPA and DHA in the fatty acid composition was between 29.61- 35.18%, and they were already transparent, yellowish and no smell. The optimum conditions of direct steam cooking extraction of crude mackerel viscera oil were under 1500 g or less of the mackerel viscera, and add 300/600 ml water into inner/outer pot, when water temperature rose to 98°C continue cooking for 1 hour. Finally, after degumming and deacidification, the crude mackerel visceral oil that prepared under the optimum conditions appeared transparent, yellowish and no smell with 8.5% yield. The acid value, peroxide value, water and volatiles, inclusion, unsaponifiable matter and total EPA and DHA content of which refined oil was 0.37 mg KOH / g oil, 9.13 meq / kg oil, 0.18%(m/m), 0.048 %(m/m), 1.99 %(m/m) and 35.18% respectively. It is in full compliance with the requirement of CNS 8156 N5193 Edible refined processed oil specification and Health food standard of fish oil.
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