Infection Cycle, Transmission Mechanisms, and Management of Nosema ceranae in Apis mellifera Colonies
Nosema ceranae is a recently described, widespread microsporidian parasite of Apis mellifera that has raised concerns as to whether it is contributing to increased colony losses. To better understand this parasite, investigations were made into the seasonality of infections, alternative transmissio...
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Virginia Tech
2014
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40261 http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10262011-161343/ |