Topological order in three-dimensional systems and 2-gauge symmetry
Topological order is a new paradigm for quantum phases of matter developed to explain phase transitions which do not fit the symmetry breaking scheme for classifying phases of matter. They are characterized by patterns of entanglement that lead to topologically depended ground state degeneracy and a...
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| Format: | Others |
| Language: | en |
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Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
2017
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| Online Access: | http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-05122017-094209/ |