Indirect effects between deer, mice, and the gypsy moth in a forest community
White-tailed deer are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter forest understory vegetation. Consequently, deer can impact many species in a forest through both direct and indirect effects. One species that deer may indirectly affect is the gypsy moth, whose pupae are preyed upon by the white-foo...
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VCU Scholars Compass
2014
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| Online Access: | http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/620 http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1619&context=etd |