Novel pathological predictive factors for extranodal extension in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study based on tumor budding, desmoplastic reaction, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and depth of invasion
Background: Extranodal extension (ENE) is a poor prognostic factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Identifying ENE by clinical and/or radiological examination is difficult, thereby leading to unnecessary neck dissections. Currently, no definitive predictors are available for ENE. Thus, we a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BioMed Central Ltd
2022
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | View Fulltext in Publisher |