Long Term Effectiveness of Wellhead Protection Areas

Long Term Effectiveness of Wellhead Protection Areas

A preventive instrument to ensure the protection of groundwater is the establishment of wellhead protect areas (WPA) for public supply wells. The shape of the WPA depends on the rate of pumping and aquifer characteristics, such as the transmissivity, porosity, hydraulic gradient, and aquifer thickne...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Almeida, C. (Author), Carvalho, J.M (Author), Carvalho, M.D.R (Author), Paiva, M. (Author), Zeferino, J. (Author)
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI 2022
Subjects:
Analytical method
analytical methods
Aquifer characteristics
Aquifer thickness
Aquifers
Catchments
groundwater
Groundwater resources
Hydraulic gradients
Hydrogeology
Land use
Numerical methods
numerical modeling
Numerical models
Parameter changes
population growth
Population statistics
Portugal
protected area
Protection of groundwater
Public supply wells
Runoff
Transmissivity
Urban areas
Urban growth
Water levels
wellhead
wellhead protection area
Wellhead protection areas
Wellheads
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