Budworm-linked warblers as early indicators of defoliation by spruce budworm: A field study
Outbreaks of eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana; hereafter SBW) are a major natural disturbance in coniferous forests of eastern North America. These outbreaks provide a superabundant source of food for insectivorous birds. Three species, referred to as budworm-linked warblers, exhibit...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier B.V.
2021
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | View Fulltext in Publisher |