Tian
Tian () is one of the oldest Chinese terms for heaven and a key concept in Chinese mythology, philosophy, and religion. During the Shang dynasty (17th―11th century BCE), the Chinese referred to their highest god as ''Shangdi'' or ''Di'' (, 'Lord'). During the following Zhou dynasty, Tian became synonymous with this figure. Before the 20th century, worship of Tian was an orthodox state religion of China.In Taoism and Confucianism, Tian (the celestial aspect of the cosmos, often translated as "Heaven") is mentioned in relationship to its complementary aspect of ''Dì'' (, often translated as "Earth"). They are thought to maintain the two poles of the Three Realms of reality, with the middle realm occupied by Humanity (, ), and the lower world occupied by demons (, ) and "ghosts", the damned, (, ). Tian was variously thought as a "supreme power reigning over lesser gods and human beings" that brought "order and calm...or catastrophe and punishment", a deity, destiny, an impersonal force that controls events, a holy world or afterlife containing other worlds or afterlives, or one or more of these. Provided by Wikipedia
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18by Yanfen Lu, Yanfen Lu, Yanfen Lu, Qi Chen, Qi Chen, Qi Chen, Yufen Bu, Yufen Bu, Yufen Bu, Rui Luo, Suxiao Hao, Jie Zhang, Jie Zhang, Jie Zhang, Ji Tian, Ji Tian, Ji Tian, Yuncong Yao, Yuncong Yao, Yuncong YaoGet full text
Published 2017-07-01
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19by Hua Li, Hua Li, Mingzheng Han, Mingzheng Han, Lujia Yu, Lujia Yu, Sifan Wang, Sifan Wang, Jie Zhang, Jie Zhang, Ji Tian, Ji Tian, Yuncong Yao, Yuncong YaoGet full text
Published 2020-02-01
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20by Yanchen Zhang, Jie Zhang, Tingting Song, Jinyan Li, Ji Tian, Kaina Jin, Yuncong YaoGet full text
Published 2014-01-01
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