Oxalate Contents of Raw, Boiled, Wok-Fried and Pesto and Juice Made from Fat Hen (<i>Chenopodium album</i>) Leaves
The total, soluble, and insoluble oxalate contents of fresh and wok-fried fat hen (<i>Chenopodium album</i>) leaves were extracted and measured using High pressure liquid chromatography. The total oxalate content of the raw leaves was 1112.4 mg/100 g dry matter (DM), and the levels were...
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doaj-2ed1904e093d412ebf11cdfd2b3dba3c2020-11-25T01:04:32ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582018-12-0181210.3390/foods8010002foods8010002Oxalate Contents of Raw, Boiled, Wok-Fried and Pesto and Juice Made from Fat Hen (<i>Chenopodium album</i>) LeavesGeoffrey Savage0Leo Vanhanen1Department of Food, Wine and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Canterbury, New ZealandDepartment of Food, Wine and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Canterbury, New ZealandThe total, soluble, and insoluble oxalate contents of fresh and wok-fried fat hen (<i>Chenopodium album</i>) leaves were extracted and measured using High pressure liquid chromatography. The total oxalate content of the raw leaves was 1112.4 mg/100 g dry matter (DM), and the levels were significantly reduced by boiling (682.8 mg/100 g DM) or cooking the leaves in a wok (883.6 mg/100 g DM). The percentages of soluble oxalate contents in the total oxalates of the raw and boiled leaves were similar (mean 75%), while the proportion of soluble oxalate content in the wok-fried leaves was reduced to 53.4% of the total, giving a significant increase in the insoluble oxalate content of the wok-fried leaves. The percentage of insoluble calcium in the total calcium was significantly reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05) when the leaves were boiled, but the insoluble oxalate content significantly increased (67.2%) in the wok-fried leaves when compared to the content of the original raw leaves. Processing the cooked leaves into pesto or extracting the juice gave final products that contained significantly reduced total and soluble oxalate contents. The addition of calcium chloride to the juice caused a very small reduction in the soluble oxalate content in the juice.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/8/1/2totalsoluble and insoluble oxalatescalciumboilingwok fryingpestojuicing |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Geoffrey Savage Leo Vanhanen |
spellingShingle |
Geoffrey Savage Leo Vanhanen Oxalate Contents of Raw, Boiled, Wok-Fried and Pesto and Juice Made from Fat Hen (<i>Chenopodium album</i>) Leaves Foods total soluble and insoluble oxalates calcium boiling wok frying pesto juicing |
author_facet |
Geoffrey Savage Leo Vanhanen |
author_sort |
Geoffrey Savage |
title |
Oxalate Contents of Raw, Boiled, Wok-Fried and Pesto and Juice Made from Fat Hen (<i>Chenopodium album</i>) Leaves |
title_short |
Oxalate Contents of Raw, Boiled, Wok-Fried and Pesto and Juice Made from Fat Hen (<i>Chenopodium album</i>) Leaves |
title_full |
Oxalate Contents of Raw, Boiled, Wok-Fried and Pesto and Juice Made from Fat Hen (<i>Chenopodium album</i>) Leaves |
title_fullStr |
Oxalate Contents of Raw, Boiled, Wok-Fried and Pesto and Juice Made from Fat Hen (<i>Chenopodium album</i>) Leaves |
title_full_unstemmed |
Oxalate Contents of Raw, Boiled, Wok-Fried and Pesto and Juice Made from Fat Hen (<i>Chenopodium album</i>) Leaves |
title_sort |
oxalate contents of raw, boiled, wok-fried and pesto and juice made from fat hen (<i>chenopodium album</i>) leaves |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Foods |
issn |
2304-8158 |
publishDate |
2018-12-01 |
description |
The total, soluble, and insoluble oxalate contents of fresh and wok-fried fat hen (<i>Chenopodium album</i>) leaves were extracted and measured using High pressure liquid chromatography. The total oxalate content of the raw leaves was 1112.4 mg/100 g dry matter (DM), and the levels were significantly reduced by boiling (682.8 mg/100 g DM) or cooking the leaves in a wok (883.6 mg/100 g DM). The percentages of soluble oxalate contents in the total oxalates of the raw and boiled leaves were similar (mean 75%), while the proportion of soluble oxalate content in the wok-fried leaves was reduced to 53.4% of the total, giving a significant increase in the insoluble oxalate content of the wok-fried leaves. The percentage of insoluble calcium in the total calcium was significantly reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05) when the leaves were boiled, but the insoluble oxalate content significantly increased (67.2%) in the wok-fried leaves when compared to the content of the original raw leaves. Processing the cooked leaves into pesto or extracting the juice gave final products that contained significantly reduced total and soluble oxalate contents. The addition of calcium chloride to the juice caused a very small reduction in the soluble oxalate content in the juice. |
topic |
total soluble and insoluble oxalates calcium boiling wok frying pesto juicing |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/8/1/2 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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